2018~2022年高雄國際港埠鼠類監測分析

Rodent Surveillance at Kaohsiung International Port, 2018–2022

2018–2022年高雄港港區衛生鼠類監測資料顯示，共捕獲鼠隻108隻，鼠種以溝鼠（Rattus norvegicus）為主，其次為錢鼠（Suncus murinus）。在鼠類病原血清抗體陽性率部分，漢他病毒及地方性斑疹傷寒抗體陽性率平均分別為8.3%及27.8%，鼠疫桿菌抗體均呈陰性；另溝鼠在漢他病毒及地方性斑疹傷寒抗體陽性率為最高。高雄港各季間捕獲鼠隻數量差異不大，惟持續有漢他病毒及地方性斑疹傷寒的抗體檢出，且結合鼠蚤指數分析，顯示港埠必須持續進行港區滅鼠與滅蚤工作。毒餌攝食情形，以6–11月份攝食率較高（25.4%–35.6%），其中9月最高。建議可針對較高風險地點（如第三貨櫃區及中島區）及月份進行加強防治。除持續執行例行性鼠類監測及防治外，建議針對港埠人員持續提升鼠類防治知能、資訊回饋與跨部門溝通、環境整頓並落實滅鼠三不政策，藉此降低港埠鼠隻及鼠蚤密度，以維護港埠從業人員健康。

In this study, we analyzed rodent surveillance data from Kaohsiung International Port between 2018 and 2022. During this period, 108 rodents were captured, predominantly Rattus norvegicus and Suncus murinus. Serological testing revealed average positive rates of 8.3% for hantavirus antibodies and 27.8% for endemic typhus antibodies, with no positive results for Yersinia pestis antibodies. Rattus norvegicus showed the highest antibody-positive rates. The seasonal distribution of captured rodents showed little variation, but hantavirus and endemic typhus antibodies were consistently detected. The rat-flea index analysis underscored the need for continued rodent and flea eradication efforts. Poison bait consumption rates were higher from June to November (25.4%–35.6%), peaking in September.
We recommended enhancing prevention and control measures in high-risk areas (e.g., Container Area 3 and Zhongdao Area) during high-risk months. Continued routine rodent surveillance, improved rodent control knowledge among port personnel, effective information feedback, cross-departmental communication, and environmental improvements were advised to reduce rodent and flea populations to protect port workers' health.