利用沃爾巴克氏菌作為登革熱生物防治策略：以新加坡為例

Using Wolbachia as a Biological Control Strategy for Dengue Fever: Insights from the Singaporean Experience

登革熱是全球重要的蚊媒病毒傳染病（mosquito-borne viral disease），每年病例超過500萬人，遍佈129個國家，對公共衛生構成了巨大挑戰。在臺灣登革熱是由埃及斑蚊或白線斑蚊傳播。當病例發生時，多以環境孳生源清除與化學噴藥立即壓制環境中的病媒蚊數量並中斷病毒傳播鏈為防治策略，但因蚊蟲對化學藥劑產生抗藥性的情況日趨嚴重，已成為全球隱憂。釋放帶有沃爾巴克氏菌（Wolbachia）的斑蚊，利用其生物特性防治蚊媒傳染病為各國嘗試運行的新穎防治技術。本文介紹沃爾巴克氏菌細胞質不相容、雄性致死、壽命縮短等生物特性，以及如何運用於蚊蟲防治，並以新加坡利用沃爾巴克氏菌防治登革熱為例，說明新加坡在專家評估、策略制定、資源整合與成效評估等面向的運作模式。整體而言，新加坡的案例展現出以Wolbachia為核心的整合性防治策略，不僅有效降低試驗區域病媒蚊密度與登革熱發生率，也提供其他國家具參考價值的實施模型。我國可參考其經驗，逐步建構本土化的生物防治機制，並持續監測技術應用的成效與穩定性，以強化登革熱長期防治能力。

Dengue fever is a globally significant mosquito-borne viral infectious disease, with over 5 million cases reported annually in 129 countries, posing a huge challenge to public health. In Taiwan, dengue fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti or Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. When cases occur, the main strategies for prevention and control often involve immediate suppression of the vector mosquito population through clearing breeding sites and chemical spraying. However, increasing resistance of mosquitoes to chemical agents has become a global concern. Releasing mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia, utilizing their biological characteristics to control mosquito-borne diseases, is one of the novel prevention and control techniques being explored by various countries. This article introduces the biological characteristics of Wolbachia, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, male lethality, and shortened lifespan, and explains how these characteristics are utilized in the prevention and control of mosquitoes. Using Singapore's utilization of Wolbachia to control dengue fever as an example, it illustrates Singapore's operational model in expert assessment, strategy formulation, resource integration, and effectiveness evaluation.