發熱伴血小板減少綜合症病毒（SFTSV）之跨物種傳播與防治策略：健康一體理念下的挑戰與契機

Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV): Cross-species Transmission and Control Strategies within a One Health Perspective

發熱伴血小板減少綜合症病毒（Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, SFTSV）為近年備受關注之新興蜱媒病毒，自2009年於中國首次發現後，迅速於南韓、日本、越南及東南亞多國擴散。SFTSV主要通過蜱蟲叮咬在自然界中維持傳播，並透過蜱叮咬傳播給多種動物宿主。此病毒也可透過感染動物的血液或體液傳播至其他物種，且人際間主要藉由密切接觸病人血液進行傳播，因此，醫療照護人員及動物相關從業人員成為潛在高風險族群。台灣自2019年起陸續發現人與動物感染案例，並於反芻家畜、伴侶動物及蜱體中檢出病毒，顯示本地亦存在完整的自然傳播鏈。SFTSV感染臨床表現缺乏特異性，且目前無核准疫苗與特異性治療藥物，對於診斷、防治與監測造成高度挑戰。本文以「健康一體」（One Health）理念為核心，綜述SFTSV的流行病學、宿主與病媒特性、人類感染特徵及傳播風險，並探討疫苗與診斷技術的發展現況，強調跨物種主動監測與跨領域合作對於防範此類新興人畜共通傳染病的重要性。

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that has attracted global attention since its discovery in China in 2009. The virus has spread rapidly across South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and several Southeast Asian countries. In nature, SFTSV is primarily maintained in ticks and transmitted to various animal hosts via tick bites. In addition to zoonotic transmission via exposure to the blood or bodily fluids of infected animals, human-to-human transmission can also occur through direct contact with infected blood. Consequently, healthcare workers and professionals in animal-related occupations are considered high-risk groups. Since 2019, Taiwan has reported both human and animal SFTSV infections, with viral RNA detected in ruminants, companion animals, and ticks, indicating an established natural transmission cycle. The clinical manifestations of SFTSV are nonspecific, and no approved vaccines or specific antiviral treatments are currently available, posing considerable challenges for diagnosis, disease control, and surveillance. This article adopts the One Health perspective to summarize the current understanding of SFTSV epidemiology, host and vector ecology, clinical characteristics, and transmission risks in humans. It also highlights the recent progress in the development of vaccines and diagnostic tools, underscoring the importance of proactive cross-species surveillance and interdisciplinary collaboration to mitigate the threat of this emerging zoonotic disease.