以平衡計分卡觀點探討影響公司財務績效之關鍵因素──以臺灣傳統產業為例

Key Factors Influencing Corporate Financial Performance with Balanced Scorecard Concept: Evidences from Taiwan's Traditional Industries

近期臺灣受到眾多外在因素的影響，而傳統產業在數位化方面的推動相對緩慢，更有組織僵化、設備老舊、人才不足等問題成為數位轉型的阻礙，使得傳統產業難以有效應對市場變革，因此本研究試著運用平衡計分卡觀點，由四大構面中取三構面，另外再加上研發創新構面，藉以分析影響傳統產業財務績效之因素，讓傳統產業能夠經由公司內部改變來尋找新的發展機會，以保持競爭力，並以2020年至2022年臺灣上市傳統產業作為研究樣本，運用迴歸分析及灰關聯分析，探討各構面間之因素對財務績效是否有顯著的關聯性，再利用各控制變項，將各因素所佔權重進行排序，找出影響績效之關鍵因素。研究結果發現：（1）顧客構面對公司財務績效有顯著的正向影響；（2）內部流程構面對公司財務績效有顯著的正向影響；（3）學習成長構面對公司財務績效有顯著的正向影響；（4）研發創新構面對公司財務績效有顯著的負向影響；（5）學習成長構面對內部流程構面有顯著性的正向影響；（6）內部流程構面對顧客構面有顯著性的正向影響；（7）學習成長構面對顧客構面有顯著性的正向影響。

Recently, Taiwan has been affected by many external factors, and the promotion of digitalization in traditional industries has been relatively slow, and problems such as rigid organization, old equipment, and insufficient talents have become obstacles to digital transformation, making it difficult for traditional industries to effectively respond to market changes. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the factors affecting the financial performance of traditional industries by applying the balanced scorecard perspective, taking three out of the four major dimensions, and adding the R&D and innovation dimensions to analyze the factors affecting the financial performance of traditional industries. In order to analyze the factors affecting the financial performance of traditional industries, and to enable traditional industries to find new development opportunities through internal changes to maintain their competitiveness, this study takes the listed traditional industries in Taiwan from 2020 to 2022 as the research sample, and uses regression analysis and gray correlation analysis to investigate whether the factors among the dimensions have significant correlations on financial performance, and then uses each control variable to rank the weights of each factor. The weights of the factors were ranked using each control variable to identify the key factors affecting performance. The results of the study revealed that: (1) the customer dimension has a significant positive impact on the company's financial performance; (2) the internal process dimension has a significant positive impact on the company's financial performance; (3) the learning and growth dimension has a significant positive impact on the company's financial performance; (4) the R&D and innovation dimension has a significant negative impact on the company's financial performance; (5) the learning and growth dimension has a significant positive impact on the internal process dimension; (6) the learning and growth dimension has a significant positive impact on the internal process dimension; and (7) the learning and growth dimension is the key factor that affects the performance of a company.