護國神山、民主世界的MVP與福爾摩沙：2024年總統候選人以隱喻建構臺灣國家認同之分析

Mountain Range, Democratic MVP and Formosa: An Analysis on the Metaphor-facilitated Construction of Taiwan’s National Identity in the 2024 Presidential Election

隨著自視「主要為臺灣人」的人數迅速增加及自視「主要為中國人」的縮小，臺灣國家認同正經歷著重大的變遷。同時，作為一個多元文化及多語言的社會，構建團結的國家認同向臺灣政治家提出了獨特的挑戰。然而，從語言學角度來探索臺灣政治家如何針對社會多元性建構國家認同論述仍存在空白。因此，本文以2024年總統候選人的政見發言為主，通過論述分析法探討隱喻如何被運用以建構包容性的國家認同論述。本文發現，候選人皆運用結構性隱喻來結構化國家認同的要素，如國家、人民、政治制度等；透過在實體隱喻中使用動詞擬人化臺灣與其他國家；以及透過隱喻型符碼轉換強化多語言社會的形象。候選人試圖以不同隱喻性方式拉近不同群組的距離，同時亦顯示出不同國家認同論述取向，如「新臺灣人」主義與「島嶼認同」的特質。由於惟有隱喻能夠使國家認同在人民心中栩栩如生，因此本文的發現不僅能夠擴大對臺灣國家認同論述的視野，亦有助於增進對多元社會的國家認同論述及其建構方法的理解。

Taiwan’s national identity is shifting as more people identify primarily as Taiwanese. In multilingual, multicultural societies like Taiwan, constructing a unifying national identity presents unique challenges for politicians. However, little linguistic research has examined how they use language to shape national identity discourse. This study analyzes the 2024 Taiwanese presidential candidates’electoral speeches using discourse analysis to explore how metaphors construct an inclusive national identity. Findings show that candidates use structural metaphors to define key elements of identity, such as the state, people, and political system; ontological metaphors to personify Taiwan and other nations; and metaphorical code-switching to emphasize Taiwan’s multilingualism. These strategies bridge divides between social groups while reflecting distinct discourses, such as New Taiwanese and“islandness.”As metaphors make national identity vivid, these findings help shape perceptions of building inclusive national identities in Taiwan and beyond.