工作與家庭的兩難：臺灣勞工對長期照顧安排假之需求與期望

The Work-Family Dilemma: Needs and Expectations of Long-Term Care Leave Among Laborers in Taiwan

隨著超高齡社會的來臨，許多勞工面臨著兼顧工作及照顧年邁家屬的挑戰。為因應該挑戰，民間團體提出制定「長期照顧安排假」之訴求，期藉以平衡勞動力與照顧需求。
本研究以勞動部（2023）「110年工作場所就業平等概況調查報告」之原始資料檔進行次級資料分析，旨在探討勞工族群對於長期照顧安排假的需求與期望，並分析因照顧家人而受到歧視或不平等待遇以及引發離職照顧的風險因子。
研究發現：（1）勞工族群對於長期照顧安排假存有普遍性需求。（2）因照顧家人而遭受歧視或不平等待遇的風險因子包括男性、已婚與其他（如分居、離婚、喪偶）、年齡較輕、一級產業、部分工時；離職照顧的風險因子則包括未婚、部分工時與任職於非大型企業。（3）勞工族群對於「使用時機」和「請假時長」之觀點與現行民間團體之訴求間存在差異。基於研究結果，本研究提出相應的政策建議，以促進長期照顧安排假及相關配套措施的制定與推動。

With the advent of a super-aged society, many laborers struggle to balance work responsibilities and care for elderly family members. In light of this, civil organizations advocate the implementation of“Long-Term Care Leave”to strike a balance between labor force participation and caregiving needs.
This study conducted secondary data analysis using the original dataset from the Ministry of Labor’s“2021 Survey on Employment Equality at the Workplace”to explore the demands and expectations of laborers regarding long-term care leave. Additionally, it analyzed the risk factors associated with discrimination, unequal treatment, and job departure due to caregiving responsibilities.
The study findings reveal that: (1) There is a widespread demand among laborers for long-term care leave. (2) Risk factors for experiencing discrimination or unequal treatment due to caregiving responsibilities include being male, married, or in other marital statuses (such as separated, divorced, or widowed), younger age, employed in primary industries, and working part-time. Risk factors for job departure due to caregiving include being unmarried, working part-time, and being employed in non-large enterprises. (3) Discrepancies exist between the perspectives of laborers on the“timing of use”and“duration of leave”as well as the advocacy content of civil organizations. Based on these findings, the study proposes policy recommendations to promote establishing and implementing long-term care leave.