上海、夜街、魍魎－－論〈落雁〉、〈夜叉〉、〈鬼戀〉裡的幻魅書寫

Shanghai, the street at night, demons and monsters: Discussion on the fantasy writing in Luoyan, Yaksha and Ghost Love

1930年代的海派文人將才子佳人小說的才子冒險旅程，結合志怪小說的怪異現象與詭譎氛圍，置放於魔都上海，演繹為懸疑浪漫的上海都市怪談，〈落雁〉、〈夜叉〉、〈鬼戀〉便是此類型的作品。本文欲進窺深究的是，結合才子佳人與書生撞鬼的故事，搬演到930年代的上海，在都市奇觀的改造下，敘事結構會產生何種變形？本文以「品味認同與上海夜街」、「幻魅書寫裡的時空結構」、「敘事位置的排他意識」、「監獄與桃花源」等空間視角切入，思索幻魅小說中的懸疑情節與魍魎魑魅，如何映射市民的恐懼意識及內在憧憬？進而體現海派文人的處境。面對舊秩序的崩潰，市民們渴望建立一套新秩序來代替，但彼此對「新秩序」的定義，可能迥然相異。多重價值系統在魔都上海扞格與層構，形成一種蠢蠢欲動的危險張力。幻魅故事讓都市異鄉人在魍魎魑魅的身上，看見自己的分裂與邊緣，他們同情共感，卻又惴惴不安，幻魅小說體現了上海漂泊者對於現實的幻滅、逃避與悖離。

The 30th century Shanghai writers combined the adventures of the romance novel with the uncanny phenomenon and creepy atmosphere of the supernatural novel, and set the scene at Shanghai, the city of demons, to create a romantic yet thrilling Shanghai urban ghost story. Luoyan, Yaksha and Ghost Love were examples of such pieces. This discussion aims to explore the changes in the narrative structure under the influence of urban wonders when the romance and ghost story is brought to the 30th century Shanghai. This discussion uses spatial perspectives such as“Scholar’s encounter with the ghost and the Shanghai Street at Night”,“Reconstruction of Spatial Limits”,“Exclusivity in Narrative Position”and“The Prison and the Peach Blossom Spring”to appreciate how the suspenseful narrative and the demons and monsters reflect the fear and inner longing of the citizens. This would thus showcase the situation of Shanghai writers. When faced with the collapse of the old order, the citizens wish to establish a new order but people can have very different definitions of“order”. The multi-value system forms a dangerous tension on the existing contradiction and stratification of Shanghai, the city of demons. Fantasy fiction allows strangers from other cities to see their own divergence and marginality from the demons and monsters. They empathize with these demons and monsters but also feel a sense of unease. The fantasy faction showcases the disillusion, avoidance, and deviation from the reality that wanderers in Shanghai face.