華語為第二語言中表人標記之習得：漢字圈與非漢字圈學習者之比較

Acquisition of Agentive Markers in L2 Chinese: Sinosphere vs. Non-Sinosphere Learners

本研究旨在探討以華語為第二語言之學習者表人標記之習得，並比較不同語言背景的華語二語學習者在習得表現上的差異。共有五十四位受試者參與實驗，分成三組，每組各十八位：漢字圈背景的華語二語學習者、非漢字圈背景的華語二語學習者以及中文母語者。實驗設計包含兩項任務：無顯著語境線索任務與有顯著語境線索任務。研究發現，華語表人標記中「人」與「員」最容易習得，而「手」、「師」及「家」則相對較難。語意特徵的數量僅能解釋部分習得順序，而表人標記的詞頻與多義性則進一步影響其習得難度。華語二語學習者在有顯著語境線索任務中表現優於無顯著語境線索任務，證實顯著語境線索有助於學習者理解華語表人標記之字義。整體來看，漢字圈的學習者表現優於非漢字圈學習者，證明第一語言確實影響華語表人標記之習得。具體而言，漢字圈學習者較常將「手」誤用為「員」，而非漢字圈學習者則傾向將「手」誤用為「師」。

This study investigated the acquisition of Chinese agentive markers by Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners, with a focus on comparing learners across different language backgrounds. Fifty-four participants were divided into three groups of eighteen: Sinosphere CSL learners, non-Sinosphere CSL learners, and native Chinese speakers. The experiment involved two tasks: a Non-Salient Context Task (NC Task) and a Salient Context Task (SC Task). The results showed ren‘person’and yuan‘member’were the easiest to acquire, while shou‘adept,’shi‘specialist,’and jia‘master’posed greater challenges. Although the number of semantic features partially explained the acquisition order, word frequency and polysemy also significantly influenced difficulty. CSL learners performed better in the SC Task, indicating that salient contextual cues facilitated understanding of Chinese agentive markers. Overall, Sinosphere learners outperformed non-Sinosphere learners, with the former often misusing shou for yuan and the latter confusing shou with shi.