日本的太空民主聯盟與國際合作：程序理性與偏好抉擇

The Space Democratic Alliance and International Cooperation of Japan: Procedural Rationality and Preference Choice

2016年日本通過宇宙2法，揭櫫推動民間升空商機、遙測數據商業等目標，目的在於擴大日本太空商業活動與世界太空市場接軌。其次，2017年美國NASA公布「阿緹米斯計畫」（Artemis program），基於美日同盟和美日安保，日本也積極參與美國主導的月球計畫；日本第5期《宇宙基本計劃》（2023~2033年）表明日本邁入國際太空合作的動向，並且推出「宇宙安全保障構想」。就此，本文整理日本對應新太空時代的動向、太空與安保、太空民主聯盟等觀點，採用理性抉擇理論的「偏好—機會模型」作為分析框架，依序分析日本國家的鑲嵌自主性與太空發展，透過日本衛星階段性發展和岸田文雄內閣的「宇宙安全保障構想」，明瞭其國家的太空自主性。進一步以「程序理性與偏好」觀點，分析日本基於機會成本和資訊判斷考量，探討和平憲法與美日安保的太空合作，以及日本主導的區域性太空國際組織。最後，以交易成本概念說明日本進行的太空國際合作，聚焦美國主導的月球計畫和國際太空站。

In 2016, Japan passed the Space Act which aims to promote private space launch opportunities and the commercialization of remote sensing data, with the goal of expanding Japan’s space commercial activities and aligning with the global space market. Secondly, in 2017, NASA announced the Artemis program (Lunar Program). Based on the U.S.-Japan alliance and U.S.-Japan security arrangements, Japan is also actively participating in the U.S.-led lunar program. The 5th Basic Plan for Space Policy (2023~2033) indicating Japan’s move towards international space cooperation, and has introduced the“Space Security Initiative”. Therefore, this article reviews Japan’s responses to the new space era, various perspectives on space and security, and the space democratic alliance, using the“preference-opportunity model”of rational choice theory as the analytical framework. This article sequentially analyzes Japan’s embedded autonomy and space development. By examining the phased development of Japanese satellites and the“Space Security Initiative”of Fumio Kishida’s administration, it clarifies the nation’s space autonomy. And from the perspective of procedural rationality and preferences, this article explores space cooperation under Japan’s pacifist constitution and the U.S.-Japan security arrangement, as well as Japan-led regional space international organizations, based on considerations of opportunity cost and information judgment. Finally, the article elucidates Japan’s international space cooperation under the considers of transaction coasts, focusing on the U.S.-led lunar program and the International Space Station.