施噴殺蟲劑同時防治登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲與成蟲之可行性初探

A Preliminary Discussion on the Feasibility of Insecticide Application to Simultaneously Control Larvae and Adult Dengue Vectors

國外有學者建議爆發登革熱疫情進行緊急化學防治時，在防治資源有限情況下，若能同時控制病媒蚊幼蟲與成蟲，將有助迅速控制病媒蚊族群。本文檢索MEDLINE Complete和PubMed資料庫，篩選施噴殺蟲劑同時防治登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲與成蟲之相關文獻共15篇，發現蘇力菌以色列變種或百利普芬等幼蟲殺蟲劑與除蟲菊精類成蟲殺蟲劑混合，以超低容量機或熱霧機應用空間噴灑技術噴藥，除了可以殺死登革熱病媒蚊成蟲，同時也能使幼蟲致死或抑制羽化，進一步延長成蟲數量回升至噴藥前水平的時間，使得噴藥同時防治登革熱病媒蚊幼蟲與成蟲的方式具有可行性。雖然這兩種幼蟲殺蟲劑罕有抗藥性的報導，且與成蟲殺蟲劑混合後，亦未導致殺成蟲功效降低。然而，登革熱病媒蚊成蟲對殺蟲劑產生抗藥性的報導時有所聞，因此須謹慎選擇成蟲殺蟲劑，才能有效殺死成蟲並延緩抗藥性產生。
目前國內販售的蘇力菌以色列變種或百利普芬，產品標示未登記可與成蟲殺蟲劑混合使用，噴藥方法也非使用空間噴灑，因此吾人能否仿效國外使用這樣的噴藥方式值得商榷。建議殺蟲劑廠商可以深入評估此種病媒防治技術的可行性，並向環境用藥主管單位更新用藥方式，提供衛生或環保單位於合適狀況時，採用此種病媒防治技術消滅登革熱病媒蚊。

With limited resources to control dengue outbreaks, some researchers have proposed that simultaneously targeting both immature and adult mosquitoes could effectively and significantly reduce mosquito populations.
In this study, we retrieved 15 relevant articles from the MEDLINE Complete and PubMed databases, focused on the simultaneous control of dengue vector larvae and adults using insecticide spraying. The findings indicate that larvicides such as Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) or pyriproxyfen combined with adulticides like pyrethroids, using ultra-low volume machines or thermal foggers applied on space spraying, can effectively kill adult dengue vectors while also causing larval mortality or inhibiting adult emergence. This approach delays the recovery of adult mosquito populations to pre-spraying levels, demonstrating the feasibility of using insecticide spraying for the simultaneous control of both larvae and adult dengue vectors.
Although resistance to these two larvicides is rare, and their combination with adulticides has not been shown to reduce efficacy against adult mosquitoes, the issue of insecticide resistance in adult dengue vectors remains a significant concern. Therefore, the selection of adulticides is essential to effectively kill adult mosquitoes and delay the development of resistance.
In Taiwan, Bti and pyriproxyfen products are not registered for use in combination with adulticides or for space spraying. Therefore, whether this spraying method, as practiced abroad, can be adopted locally remains a subject of debate. It is recommended that insecticide manufacturers conduct a thorough evaluation of the feasibility of this vector control technique and collaborate with regulatory authorities overseeing environmental pesticides to update application guidelines. This would enable health and environmental agencies to adopt this vector control strategy under appropriate conditions to effectively eliminate dengue vectors.