析論國民政府對重慶會談的評估與準備

On the National Government’s Evaluation and Preparation for the Chongqing Negotiation

1945年下半年國民黨與共產黨舉行重慶會談，是中國近代史上的重要事件。本文利用國史館的第一手檔案，結合報紙與雜誌，指出：在會談進行前，蔣介石給毛澤東的三封電報中，蔣介石本人至少確定親自參與第二封電報文字的修訂，而黨內其他的高層幹部，最遲在第一封電報發出後，都已經知道這件事，雖然周至柔與陳布雷曾經建議，不必理會毛澤東的第一封覆電，但在蔣介石的堅持下，才有後續第二封及第三封發出，最終促成會談的召開。另外，國民黨中央黨部秘書處在8月25日，召集小組會議，討論毛澤東到訪重慶之後，國民黨應該採取何種對策。「軍事拿緊，政治放鬆」是與會者一致的共識。而國民黨中常委潘公展在8月29日及9月7日，以個人名義向蔣介石提交了報告書，同樣分析了當時國共兩黨的情勢，雖然利用各方壓力逼其就範的建議，不免有過於空泛之嫌，但這些都是國民黨在重慶會談之前所做的種種準備。儘管當時所提出的建議案低估了共產黨的實力，並且對國民黨自身的優勢有過高估計，但應該可說，國民黨對重慶會談並非毫無準備。

The holding of the Chongqing Negotiation between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party in 1945 was an important event in modern Chinese history. Based on primary-source archives of the Academia Historica, newspapers, and magazines, this paper points out that before negotiation, among the three telegrams Chiang Kai Shek sent to Mao Zedong, Chiang decided to participate in the revision of the telegram text directly. Other high-level cadres in the party were aware of it immediately after the first telegram was sent out. Although Zhou Zhirou and Chen Bulei once suggested that Mao Zedong’s first reply telegram should be ignored, at Chiang’s insistence, the second and third telegrams were sent out, eventually leading to the negotiation. In addition, the Secretariat of the Central Party Department of the Kuomintang convened a group meeting on August 25 to discuss what countermeasures the Kuomintang should take after Mao Zedong’s visit to Chongqing. On August 29 and September 7, Pan Gongzhan, member of the of standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, submitted a report to Chiang Kai Shek in his own name. He also analyzed the situation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party at that time, and provided suggestions on the plans and strategies of the negotiation. These were all preparations made by the Kuomintang before the Chongqing negotiation, although the proposals at that time underestimated the strength of the Communist Party. While Pan overestimated the KMT’s advantages, it should not be said that the KMT was unprepared for the Chongqing Negotiation.