臺灣民眾威權懷舊的再檢視

Taiwanese Authoritarian Nostalgia Revisited

邇來，隨著「民主倒退」(Democracy backsliding)受到學界關注，在民主化研究的領域中，「威權懷舊」(Authoritarian nostalgia)儼然成為一項聚焦於第三波民主化國家發展的新興研究議題。由於「懷舊」屬於民眾的情緒因素，本文有別於以往將威權懷舊視為政治態度之研究，重新梳理心理學上懷舊的相關研究，將其與既有威權懷舊概念結合，初步提出威權懷舊三項重要特質，分別是「理想化」(idealized)、「不受時間限制性」(time-unrestrictive)，以及「可建構性」(constructive)。在實證研究方面，本文擇取中央研究院政治學研究所在2015年與2023年執行的兩波全國民意電話調查，觀察馬英九與蔡英文兩任政府期間，比較民眾威權懷舊的差異及其影響因素。研究結果顯示，臺灣民眾在經濟社會方面的威權懷舊情結較政治人權方面明顯。其次，數據證實，民眾的年齡、政黨認同，以及政治功效意識是影響其威權懷舊態度的關鍵：年齡較長或政治功效意識較低者，傾向抱持懷舊心態；在政黨認同方面，泛藍支持者在民進黨執政時明顯具有懷舊傾向，而泛綠認同者則認為當前政府施政表現較威權政府更佳，顯示臺灣政黨政治在威權懷舊中扮演著重要角色。再者，作者基於前述概念，提出新的測量指標，期許在概念和實證發現能為威權懷舊開拓更為寬廣的學術領域。

As democracy backsliding has come to the fore in recent years, authoritar-ian nostalgia has also stood out as an emerging topic in democratization studies. Since nostalgia is inherently an emotion, this study differs from the existing lit-erature that treated authoritarian nostalgia merely as a political attitude. Instead, we reinterpret authoritarian nostalgia by regarding the fundamentals of nostalgia in psychology, emphasizing three qualities of authoritarian nostalgia, which are“idealized,”“time-unrestrictive,”and“constructive.”In addition, we select two sets of national telephone surveys in 2015 and 2023 to conduct empirical analy-sis. First, we find that the Taiwanese public shows greater authoritarian nostal-gia in social stability and economic performance than in the aspect of political and human rights. Second, the results reveal that age, political efficacy, and party identification exert an influence on authoritarian nostalgia; older people and those with low political efficacy display a tendency towards such nostalgia. Moreover, Pan-Blue supporters are more likely to feel authoritarian nostalgia under a Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government, while Pan-Green sup-porters, by contrast, believe that the present ruling government usually outper-forms its past and authoritarian counterpart, accentuating the importance of party politics in Taiwanese authoritarian nostalgia. Finally, we propose an innovative survey questionnaire to tap the concept of authoritarian nostalgia, hoping to pave the way for further research in this field.