在#ME TOO後犯罪學者在台灣性別平等的省思及建議

Thoughts from a Criminology Scholar on Gender Equality after #ME TOO in Taiwan

自2017年美國好萊塢掀起#MeToo運動後，全球陸續掀起揭露性別不平等的浪潮，台灣亦於2023年爆發政界與演藝圈性騷擾事件。雖台灣性別不平等指數（GII）在2021年全球排名第七、亞洲第一，但性別不平等仍未根除。本文從文化、人類學與歷史角度探討性別不平等的根源。人類學家米德認為性別氣質是文化建構；Boserup與Alesina等人研究指出，農業社會中犁耕需求強壯男性，導致女性地位弱化。Saposky指出人類因權力者區分「我群／他群」而造成衝突，儘管人性原具合作與同理傾向；Lieberman則證實人類天性追求連結與和諧。儘管男女平等指數有所提升，但經濟領域平權仍需131年實現。華人文化中，儒家對女性評價偏低，並強調親疏有別的仁愛觀，難以促進平等；反觀墨家主張大愛、平等愛人，更有助消弭暴力與歧視。本文建議：一、倡導大愛與平等互愛，取代偏愛與排他；二、推廣善意溝通技巧，預防衝突擴大；三、落實性別與平等影響評估，杜絕歧視並積極改進。

Since the rise of the #MeToo movement in Hollywood in 2017, a global wave of disclosures concerning gender inequality has emerged. Taiwan, too, experienced its own reckoning in 2023, with high-profile sexual harassment cases in the political and entertainment sectors. Although Taiwan ranked seventh globally and first in Asia on the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2021, gender inequality persists. This paper explores the roots of gender inequality from cultural, anthropological, and historical perspectives. Anthropologist Margaret Mead argued that gender roles are culturally constructed. The research of Ester Boserup and Alberto Alesina, among others, has shown that in agrarian societies, the use of the plough—which favors physically stronger males—contributed to the marginalization of women. Neuroscientist Robert Sapolsky noted that humans, despite their innate tendencies toward cooperation and empathy, often engage in conflict due to the power structures that reinforce ingroup/ out-group divisions. Similarly, Matthew Lieberman demonstrated that the human brain is naturally wired for connection and harmony. Although global indices show improvements in gender equality, it is estimated that it will take another 131 years to achieve full parity in the economic domain. In Chinese cultural contexts, Confucianism has traditionally placed a lower value on women and emphasizes a hierarchical form of benevolence based on relational closeness, which hinders the promotion of equality. In contrast, Mohism, which advocates for universal love and egalitarian care, offers a philosophical foundation more conducive to reducing violence and discrimination. This paper proposes three recommendations: 1. Advocate for universal love and mutual respect to replace favoritism and exclusion; 2. Promote compassionate communication skills to prevent the escalation of conflicts; 3. Implement rigorous gender and equality impact assessments to eliminate discrimination and drive systemic improvement.