停止傳統、離心及向心阻力訓練對肌肉力量、質量與結構之影響：綜評性文獻

Effects of Detraining of Traditional, Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Training on Muscle Strength, Mass and Architecture: A Narrative Review

肌肉力量、肌肉質量、羽狀角度以及肌束長度是競技運動員賽場表現的影響因素，也與一般民眾的功能性表現、健康狀態息息相關。經過長期阻力訓練之後，可以有效提升肌肉力量、促進肌肉肥大，並增加羽狀角度以及肌束長度。然而，訓練效果會因為停止訓練（detraining）而部分或完全喪失。而不同肌肉收縮型態（離心、向心）有生理刺激上的特異性，因此，進行完長期傳統、離心與向心阻力訓練後停止訓練，可能對人體的肌肉力量、質量與結構可能會有不同的影響。因此，本研究目的為統整停止傳統、離心與向心阻力訓練後，肌力、肌肉質量與肌纖維結構的變化。本文統整相關文獻，顯示離心阻力訓練比起傳統與向心阻力訓練，可能有利於保留肌力（尤其是離心與等長肌力）與肌肉質量訓練效果；但受限於實驗設計差異性大以及文獻數量稀少的原因，對於肌纖維結構的影響則仍不一致。但總體而言，離心收縮在編排阻力訓練處方時，可能是有效保存訓練效果（肌力與肌肉質量）的重要因素。

Muscle strength, muscle mass, pennation angle, and fascicle length influence the performance of athletes and are also relevant to the functional performance and health of the general public. Long-term resistance training effectively improves muscle strength, promotes muscle hypertrophy, and increases the pennation angle and fascicle length. However, the effects of training may be partially or completely lost due to detraining. Eccentric resistance training is believed to elicit different physiological responses after detraining compared to concentric or traditional resistance training, due to the specificity of muscle contraction patterns in response to physiological stimuli. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the effects of detraining of traditional, eccentric and concentric resistance training on muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle fiber architecture. This paper summarizes the relevant literature and shows that eccentric resistance training may be more beneficial to the preservation of muscle strength (especially eccentric and isometric strength) and muscle mass than traditional and concentric resistance training; however, the training effects on muscle fiber structure are still inconsistent due to the great variability in experimental design and the scarcity of the literature. In conclusion, it is suggested that eccentric contraction is an essential component of a resistance training program to preserve training adaptations.