以符號學解讀電影《送行者》之生死哲學

The Semiotic Study on the Philosophy of Life by Interpreting the film entitled as ''Departures─The gift of last memories

筆者因新冠疫情而結識多位生命禮儀師，並對禮儀師題材之喪禮電影產生好奇，故舉《送行者：禮儀師的樂章》為例，對其文本進行解構，以內容分析法將故事情節進行編碼、統計；再綜合運用專家訪談與焦點團體法針對符號意象進行歸納，並詮釋符號延伸的深層意識形態為何。研究結果發現，樣本的敘事結構建立在好萊塢三幕劇、Block四階敘事、Todorov五階敘事、Propp六階敘事、日本能劇敘事結構之上；衝突強度的走勢亦符合Patmore的戲劇曲線理論。符號則歸納出「霙；大提琴與石頭信；蛆；章魚、鮭魚、鳥；櫻花、浴場」等具生死意象之符號，同時得出深層意識型態為日本侘寂哲學─「活在當下。探索不完美的美好，接納生命的起與落。」

During the COVID-19, the author got to know many life ritualists and became curious about funeral movies about ritualists. Therefore, this article takes ''Departures -The gift of the last memories'' as an example to deconstruct its text and use content analysis and comprehensive application of experts. Interviews and focus groups were the research methods. The research results show that the narrative structure of the sample is based on the narrative structure of Hollywood three-act drama, Block, Todorov, Propp, and Japanese Noh drama; the trend of conflict intensity is also consistent with Patmore's dramatic curve theory. The symbols summarized symbols with images of life and death such as ''sleet; cello and stone letters; maggots; octopus, salmon, birds; cherry blossoms, bathhouses''. At the same time, it was concluded that the underlying ideology is the Japanese Wabi-Sabi philosophy -''Exploring the beauty of imperfection and accept the ups and downs of life.