「把梨山搬到平地」：山城—梨山生活圈與寄接梨產業的形成

Moving Lishan to the Plains: The Shancheng-Lishan Living Circle and the Formation of the Annual Grafting Pear Industry

創新往往源自於異質元素的衝撞與結合，農業創新也不例外。如今，寄接梨已是台灣中部山城地區（涵蓋東勢、石岡、新社、卓蘭與和平等鄉鎮）最知名的高經濟作物，全區形成完整的產業鏈。以往對於寄接梨產業發展的研究，大多數都側重微觀層面小農社群技術創新的機制，本研究則嘗試將這段過程放在相對更大的時間與空間脈絡裡，重新詮釋中橫與梨山開發對於寄接梨產業發展的影響。清代末年以來，大埔客家人長期居住在台灣中部沿山地帶，耕作模式早已適應當地的亞熱帶生態環境。1956年，國民政府在美援支持下開鑿中部橫貫公路，並在梨山建立福壽山農場和武陵農場，積極試驗栽培蘋果、水梨、水蜜桃等溫帶水果。在這個過程中，大量山城客家人支援中橫與梨山的開發，並且投入了高山溫帶果園的開墾與栽培，獲得了遠遠不同於以往的種植經驗。寄接梨創始人張榕生先生，彼時也在梨山承租果園經營，日後才有了在平地嫁接溫帶水梨的靈感，也就是「把梨山搬到平地」的構想。本研究希望指出，由於中橫與梨山開發創造出偶然的機遇，大幅擴大了山城客家人的生活範圍，並使他們獲得在兩個不同海拔生態圈耕作的異質經驗，再加上人流、物流與金流的激盪，才刺激出後來寄接梨產業的一系列農業創新。

Innovation often arises from the collision and combination of different elements, and agricultural innovation is no exception. Today, the Annual Grafting Pear is a high-value crop in central Taiwan's Shancheng area (including Dongshi, Shigang, Xinshe, Zhuolan, Heping, and other townships), with a complete industrial chain. Previous studies have focused on micro-level technological innovations within small farmer communities. This study reinterprets the influence of the Central Cross-Island Highway and Lishan development on the Annual Grafting Pear industry from a broader perspective. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the Dapu Hakka people have lived in the mountainous regions of central Taiwan, adapting their agriculture to the local subtropical environment. In 1956, with U.S. aid, the National Government built the Central Cross-Island Highway and established Fushoushan Farm and Wuling Farm in Lishan, experimenting with temperate fruits like apples, pears, and peaches. Many Hakka from Shancheng supported this development, gaining new agricultural experiences in high mountain orchards. Mr. Zhang Rongsheng, the founder of the Annual Grafting Pear, leased orchards in Lishan and later conceived the idea of grafting temperate pears onto plains, leading to the concept of "moving Lishan to the plains." This study highlights that the development of the Central Cross-Island Highway and Lishan expanded the living range of the Shancheng Hakka people, providing diverse farming experiences. The interaction of people, logistics, and finances spurred a series of agricultural innovations in the Annual Grafting Pear industry.