淺談呼吸道細胞融合病毒及現行預防策略

Update on Prevention Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

呼吸道細胞融合病毒（Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RSV）是一種常見的病毒，主要影響嬰幼兒、老年人及免疫功能低下者，引起下呼吸道感染，如細支氣管炎和肺炎。早期疫苗臨床試驗發生的嚴重不良反應使疫苗開發停滯數十年。隨著科學家逐步瞭解RSV的免疫機制，近10年來學界發現RSV的前融合F蛋白（Pre-F）是最佳的免疫目標，能誘導高效中和抗體。以此為定基，自2023年以來，包括次蛋白單位及mRNA技術的疫苗陸續在臨床試驗取得成功並核准上市，為不同年齡層和高風險族群提供了多樣化更有效的預防選擇。本文將針對RSV的臨床表徵、流行病學以及現行的疫苗和單株抗體做一簡單的介紹。

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that primarily affects infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems, causing lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Severe adverse reactions observed in early vaccine clinical trials led to a decades-long halt in vaccine development. With improvements in our understanding of the immune mechanisms of RSV, the pre-fusion F protein (Pre-F) has been identified as the optimal immunological target, capable of inducing highly effective neutralizing antibodies. Based on this breakthrough, since 2023, vaccines utilizing subunit protein and mRNA technology have achieved clinical success and received regulatory approval, providing a diverse and more effective range of preventive options for different age groups and high-risk populations. This article provides a brief overview of the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and currently available vaccines and monoclonal antibodies for RSV.