法人犯罪與惡的距離

The Interval between Legal Person Crimes and Evil

法人犯罪在我國一直都是學界難題，時至今日，肯定說雖有抬頭的跡象，但仍尚未站穩腳步。為了跟上法制潮流，與世界接軌，正面承認法人或企業的犯罪能力乃屬必要。不可否認的，我國學說與實務有著否定說的存在，而其背後的根據，在於羅馬法根本認為，法人沒有行為，沒有意思，本質上不會有犯罪能力。因而，如何讓大家放寬對羅馬法的堅持，可能是法人犯罪法制化的重要一步。
目前通說與實務認為，不論法人犯罪還是法人制裁，相關規範都要符合罪責原則。我國有很多處罰法人的兩罰規定，只是如何理解兩罰規定卻有不同的見解，有採不承認法人犯罪，也不承認法人刑罰的否定說，也有採不承認法人犯罪，但承認法人制裁具特殊性的溫和否定說，也有採承認法人犯罪，也承認法人制裁的肯定說。本文將一一分析其差異。
最後，本文將從法人的本質出發，指出法人犯罪的內涵以及法人所需要的保護，很大幅度的不同於自然人，所以，法人雖然也需要罪責原則的保護，但承認具有社會相當性的連坐，乃不無可能。我們應該正面擁抱法人犯罪，開啟防治經濟犯罪的新篇章。

Legal Person Crimes are serious problems in our country. Nowadays, even though it is better than earlier days, it is not on its feet yet. In order to fellow up the legal current, and connect with the world, it is necessary to admit that the legal person and corporate are capable of committing crimes. It is undeniable that the concept of denying opinion is existed in our academic field and practice. This opinion is basing on the Roman Law that legal person has no act and will so that legal person is incapable of committing crimes in nature. Therefore, how to loosen our insist to Roman Law is the first step for Legal Person Crimes and Corporate Crimes.
The academic field and practice believe that all regulations in criminal law should suite the Principle of Culpability, regardless of Legal Person Crimes or Legal Person Punishments. There are many Dual Penalty Regulations in our law. But the realizations are different. Some deny the Legal Person Crimes and Legal Person Punishments, some deny Legal Person Crimes but admit the Legal Person Punishments, and the others admit both the crimes and punishments. This paper will analysis the difference between them.
Finally, this paper will present from the view of nature of legal person and point out the difference between the content of Legal Person Crimes and that of natural person. Although legal person needs to be protected by the Principle of Culpability, the probable result of collective punishment is acceptable. We should accept the concept of Legal Person Crimes and Corporate Crimes, and originate a new page for controlling Economic Crimes.