論精神障礙者罪責判斷之科際整合：司法精神鑑定之範疇與分際──以德國法為借鏡

The Interdisciplinary Integration in the Judgement of Mental Disorders’Criminal Responsibility: The Scope and Limits of Forensic Psychiatric Assessment–German Law as a Guidance

刑法第19條立法理由指該條係繼受自德國立法例，若純就條文文義形式比較，固然與德國刑法第20條、第21條規定近似，惟我國立法理由對於「二階層」架構之解釋，與德國通說及實務見解有所扞格，理論與實務運作間嚴重斷裂，導致刑事司法系統與精神醫學、心理學等科際整合之障礙。實務見解就「辨識能力」與「控制能力」之定義浮動而不明確，亦造成司法精神鑑定運作之困擾。
本文旨在探討責任能力二階層結構在德國法上的學理解釋、實務判斷和鑑定操作標準，指出我國刑法第19條立法理由產生的實務操作難題，以及合理之解釋與運作方式。進而探討目前我國刑事司法體系與司法精神鑑定跨領域科際整合上的摩擦癥結點，並提出德國跨領域工作小組所制定之「責任能力鑑定最低要求」，以作為我國司法精神鑑定在法律學與其他科學間科際整合之參考。

The reason for Article 19 of the Taiwan Criminal Code pointed out that it inherits from the German law. Comparing the text of the amended article, it is similar to§20,§21 of the German Criminal Code. Nevertheless, Taiwan’s legislative interpretation of the“two-level”structure is not in line with the majority view of German doctrine and practice, which has resulted in a serious break between theory and practice in Taiwan, and has also led to an obstacle in the integration of the criminal justice system with the psychiatry and psychology disciplines. The definition of“ability for insight”and“ability for control”in judicial practice is uncertain, which also causes difficulties in the operation of the Forensic Psychiatric Assessment.
The purpose of this study is to examine the academic interpretation, the practical judgement and operational standards of forensic psychiatric assessment of the two levels of criminal responsibility in German law; and to point out the practical operational difficulties arising from the legislative reasons of Article 19 of the Taiwan Criminal Code, and the reasonable interpretation and operational approaches. It also examines the current friction points in the interdisciplinary integration between Taiwan’s criminal justice system and forensic psychiatric assessment. In this regard, the“Minimum Requirements for Assessment of Responsibility”formulated by the German Interdisciplinary Working Group is presented as a reference for the interdisciplinary integration of the forensic psychiatric assessment between jurisprudence and other sciences in Taiwan.