中共對臺灣青年工作的遷移基礎建設分析

Infrastructuring Youth: Chinese Governmental Mobilizations of Taiwanese Young People to China

近十餘年來，尤其是太陽花運動後，許多臺灣青年赴中國交流、實習、求學、就業與創業。臺青移動到中國這個現象是如何發生？本文探討臺青移動中國的機制與過程。透過中國政策與二手資料分析，以及臺青與相關人員訪談，借鏡「遷移基礎建設」概念，從規範性、社會性、技術性與商業性四個面向，分析中共為了改變臺青對中國的觀感及臺中關係態度，推動臺青赴中的內部結構。研究發現，中共以青年生命階段關注的「生涯發展」為切入點，建構高度組織化、制度化，兼具物質、論述與文化層面的跨境遷移基礎建設，影響臺青的移動動機與途徑，使其移動到中國，尋求社會與經濟資本累積。這四種基礎建設雖有不同的制度運作邏輯，卻互相交織，既衝突又強化，並顯現內捲化現象。本研究補充既有文獻較少關注的制度與組織層面，發現即使是受高等教育的臺青，其遷移決策與經驗深受中國國族主義與中共政策影響，有別於一般認知往往以為，中產階級或高教育者的遷移決定與經驗是高度自主與自由的。此外，中共對臺青的工作成為中共對臺青、甚至臺灣社會，能施展銳實力的關鍵基礎，顯示銳實力的施展非僅是虛擬、抽象大宣傳，而是立基於社會脈絡中。

Over the past decade, particularly after the Sunflower Movement, many Taiwanese youth have migrated to China for studies, exchanges, internships, employment, and entrepreneurship. This study examines the mechanisms behind this migration by analyzing Chinese policies, secondary data, and interviews with Taiwanese youth and relevant stakeholders. Applying the concept of“migration infrastructure,”it explores how China has systematically developed four interrelated dimensions—regulatory, social, technical, and commercial—to facilitate this movement and shape perceptions of China and cross-strait relations. Findings reveal that the Chinese government strategically aligns its initiatives with Taiwanese youth’s career development needs, constructing a highly organized and institutionalized migration infrastructure that integrates material, discursive, and cultural elements. This infrastructure influences migration motivations and pathways, encouraging movement to China for social and economic capital. While each dimension operates under distinct institutional logics, they intersect—sometimes reinforcing, sometimes contradicting one another—leading to institutional involution. This study challenges the assumption that middle-class or highly educated individuals migrate autonomously, demonstrating that Taiwanese youth’s decisions and experiences are deeply shaped by Chinese nationalism and state policies. China’s engagement with Taiwanese youth functions as a key instrument of sharp power, embedding influence in both individual trajectories and Taiwanese society, illustrating its deep social embeddedness beyond mere propaganda.