中國大陸受控外國公司制度對企業所得稅之影響

The Impact of China’s Controlled Foreign Company Rules on Corporate Income Tax

為防杜跨國企業藉由各國稅制間的差異，將利潤移轉之避稅行為，各國無不紛紛施行各種反避稅相關措施，其中最重要的兩大稅制，即為移轉訂價及受控外國公司制度（controlled foreign company，CFC）。本文以中國大陸為觀察對象，深入討論當前中國大陸租稅環境之特色，並使用近幾年來新興之計量方法－合成控制法（synthetic control method，SCM），探討其2008年實施CFC稅制後對企業所得稅稅收之影響。實證發現，實施CFC稅制對企業所得稅稅收占總稅收比率之提升具有相當顯著的效果，此結果幫助了解中國大陸稅制運行的現狀與對其經濟發展之影響。此外，透過差異中之差異法的額外分析，結果亦支持前述實證結果。而我國於2016年亦新增所得稅法第43條之3，正式引進受控外國公司稅制，相關適用辦法及審查要點亦於2017年發布，惟當時訂定有日出條款，今為因應OECD推動實施全球企業最低稅負制，我國CFC制度亦於2023年正式上路。因此，中國大陸的實證結果相當值得我國借鏡與參考。

To prevent multinational enterprises from avoiding taxes through profit shifting, many countries have introduced anti-tax avoidance measures, notably through transfer pricing regulations and Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) rules. This paper examines China’s tax environment and evaluates the impact of its 2008 CFC implementation on corporate income tax revenue using the synthetic control method. The results show that CFC rules significantly increase corporate income tax as a proportion of total tax revenue, demonstrating their effectiveness in curbing tax avoidance and their broader economic implications. These results are robust to further analysis using the Difference-in-Differences approach. These findings have significant policy implications for Taiwan. In 2016, Article 43(3) of the Income Tax Act formally introduced the CFC regime, followed by the release of relevant implementation measures and review guidelines in 2017, though its enforcement was initially delayed due to a sunset provision. To align with the OECD’s global minimum tax initiative, Taiwan officially implemented the CFC regime in 2023. The empirical findings from mainland China provide critical insights for Taiwan’s tax policy framework.