氣候變遷與綠色犯罪學：邁向生態中心主義與環境正義的典範

在全球氣候變遷與環境危機加劇的背景下，環境犯罪已成為跨學科領域的核心研究議題。綠色犯罪學作為犯罪學的一個新興分支，旨在探討人類行為對自然環境的影響，並強調以生態中心主義和環境正義為基礎的理論與實踐。本文聚焦於氣候變遷與環境犯罪的交互作用，探討社會普遍忽略的環境法治規範、環境被害與法治教育等議題。
氣候變遷下的環境犯罪行為，例如非法伐木、碳交易詐欺與跨國有毒廢棄物轉運等行為都有增長趨勢；其次，探討現行法律與政策框架的侷限性，包括取證困難、國際合作不足與執法資源分配不均等問題；最後，從理論與實務的雙重視角，提出綠色犯罪學未來的研究方向與應對策略，特別是在法律框架的完善、科技工具的應用與國際司法合作方面。
綠色犯罪學將環境正義、修復式正義與生態保護相結合，提供了一種全新的視角，且為應對氣候變遷，有必要提升對環境犯罪行為的認知，並透過環境法治教育培養公民的生態意識與行動能力，因此未來的環境治理需要在全球範圍內推動法治教育、加強公民參與，並通過國際合作構建更加包容與永續的環境治理模式。

In the context of intensifying global climate change and environmental crises, environmental crime has emerged as a critical interdisciplinary research issue. Green criminology, as a burgeoning branch of criminology, aims to explore the impact of human behavior on the natural environment while emphasizing theories and practices grounded in eco-centrism and environmental justice. This study focuses on the interaction between climate change and environmental crime, addressing issues that society often overlooks, such as environmental legal norms, environmental victimization, and legal education.
Under the influence of climate change, environmental crimes such as illegal logging, carbon trading fraud, and the transboundary transfer of hazardous waste have shown an increasing trend. Furthermore, this study examines the limitations of current legal and policy frameworks, including challenges in evidence collection, insufficient international cooperation, and uneven allocation of enforcement resources. Finally, from both theoretical and practical perspectives, it proposes future research directions and strategies for green criminology, particularly in enhancing legal frameworks, applying technological tools, and fostering international judicial collaboration.
This study argues that green criminology offers a novel perspective by integrating environmental justice, restorative justice, and ecological protection. It emphasizes the necessity of raising awareness of environmental crime and fostering ecological consciousness and proactive capabilities among citizens through environmental legal education. Therefore, future governance of environmental crimes must promote legal education, strengthen public participation, and establish a more inclusive and sustainable global environmental governance model through international cooperation.