基層民主在臺灣的實踐：里長選舉結果的政治效應初探

The Practice of Grassroots Democracy in Taiwan: A Preliminary Probe into the Political Consequences of Chiefs of Village Elections

（村）里是台灣地方自治最基層的編組，全台近八千名的村里長是接觸與服務民眾的第一線民選公職。相較於對村里長的研究，過去近半個世紀以來，針對（村）里鄰長關係的研究至為欠缺，隱然成為台灣地方自治研究的缺口。本文旨在從現有制度與實務面釐清里鄰長的關係，嘗試從效率、合法性與社會網絡三個面向提出里長遴聘鄰長的理論架構，並以2014與2018年里長選舉之後，台北市的所有456名里長遴聘鄰長的資料為基礎，分析、探討里長遴聘鄰長的決策行為。主要研究發現包括：雖然各地方政府有權自訂鄰長產生方式等規定，目前主要遴聘鄰長的權力仍掌握在里長手上。再者，藉由統計分析以驗證由本文理論架構推演出的研究假設，其結果皆符合本文的理論預期，亦即效率機制、合法性機制與社會網絡皆會影響里長遴聘鄰長時的考量。

Village is the basic tier of Taiwan’s local self-government. Nearly 8,000 chiefs of village all over Taiwan are the elected officials serving people in the forefront. However, there is still an even smaller administrative unit called neighborhood within villages. Compared to the rich academic work on the chiefs of village, we seem to have rarely seen any research interest on the heads of neighborhood. We contend that without the knowledge of how chiefs of village and heads of neighborhood interact, we cannot piece together the whole image of Taiwan’s local self-government. Thus, as a preliminary attempt, this paper aims to clarify the relationship between chiefs of village and heads of neighborhood from both institutional and practical aspect. Furthermore, we try to propose a theoretical framework, from the perspective of efficiency, legitimacy, and social networks, showing how chiefs of village consider in selecting his or her heads of neighborhood. Lastly, we deduce hypotheses from the proposed theoretical framework and test them empirically. The major findings are as follows: first, although the local governments have the right to regulate how heads of neighborhood are generated, the chiefs of village are still the primary actors responsible for recruiting their heads of neighborhood. Secondly, through the testing of research hypotheses, we found, as our theory expects, that efficiency, legitimacy, and social networks are all major aspects affecting the decision of the chiefs of village to recruit their heads of neighborhood.