綠能產業的職業安全衛生議題

Occupational Safety and Health Issues in the Green Energy Industry

國際上致力於低碳能源及循環經濟，以因應極端氣候和能源耗竭。這些朝向永續發展的產業轉型當中，綠能產業的職業安全衛生（Occupational Safety and Health, OSH）成為我們需要持續關注的新興議題。本文透過搜尋美國、歐盟等職業安全衛生相關單位及國際組織之官方網站搜尋與綠能產業相關職業安全衛生危害、管理對策及指引，並與臺灣比較，提出臺灣參考之建議。結果顯示，綠能產業的安全衛生問題複雜，工程生命週期複雜且長、作業範疇廣，作業環境存在墜落、感電、火災爆炸、心理壓力及人因性危害等多重作業風險。針對綠能產業之職業安全衛生挑戰，除了採取因應對策之外，國際間亦出版指引及相關產業研究報告。美國針對離岸風電之安全管理兼顧國家規定與國際規範、澳洲與韓國則訂有氫作為燃料使用的安全管理規範，透過法制促進經濟和健康安全發展。臺灣除了職安法相關法規之外，亦針對離岸風電及太陽光電分別發布作業安全指引，以保護綠能產業勞工的安全與健康。但是，綠能產業在臺灣起步較晚，對於產業的安全衛生現況掌握的資訊仍然有限，建議可透過多方合作展開綠能產業的安全衛生研究，強化綠能產業之教育訓練教材製作與推廣，並參考他國經驗與做法，進一步提升臺灣綠能產業之安全衛生風險管理及危害預防。

The global push towards sustainable development emphasizes low-carbon energy and the circular economy to address extreme climate change and energy depletion. As these industries transition toward sustainable development, occupational safety and health (OSH) in green energy industries has become a critical issue and requires continuous attention. This article investigates the OSH hazards, manage¬ment strategies, and guidelines related to the green energy industry by reviewing the official websites of OSH-related agencies and international organizations in the USA, the EU, and other regions. These find¬ings are compared with those in Taiwan to develop suitable policy recommendations. The results show that the OSH issues in green energy projects are complex. The engineering life cycle is lengthy and intri¬cate, with broad operational scopes, posing multiple risks, including falls, electric shocks, posing numer¬ous risks, including falls, electric, fire and explosion hazards, psychological stress, and ergonomic hazards. To address these challenges, international guidelines and industry research reports have been published. For example, in the USA, offshore wind power management balances national regulations with interna¬tional standards, while Australia and South Korea have enacted safety management regulations for using hydrogen as fuel, promoting healthy and safe economic development through legal frameworks. In Tai¬wan, beyond the existing occupational safety regulations, specific safety guidelines have been issued for offshore wind power and photovoltaic operations to protect the safety and health of workers in the green energy sector. However, as Taiwan's green energy industry is still in its early stages, only limited infor¬mation is available on the current OSH status. It is recommended that Taiwan engage in collaborative re¬search on OSH in the green energy sector, strengthen the development and dissemination of industry-spe¬cific educational and training materials, and draw on the experiences and practices of other countries to further improve OSH risk management and hazard prevention in Taiwan's green energy industry.