透過翻譯重新構建民間故事：將《傑克與豌豆》改編成土耳其故事的案例研究

Reframing Folktales Through Translation: A Case Study Into Retelling of Jack and the Beanstalk Into Turkish

民間故事在塑造兒童個性方面發揮著重要作用。然而，它們具有雙重受眾：兒童和成年人。透過任何國家的童話故事呈現出被抑制的恐懼、潛在的欲望和各種禁忌。然而，出於教育和教學的目的，童話故事在翻譯過程中常常受到民族中心主義的影響。本研究認為，相較於其他文學體裁，童話故事更容易受到民族中心主義和扭曲的傾向。為了驗證我的假設，我選擇了《傑克與豌豆》，這是一則眾所周知且最常被翻譯成土耳其語的英語童話。我選擇了網際網路上的四個翻譯版本。為了測試其是否受到民族中心主義和扭曲的影響，我採用了Berman所提出的一些扭曲傾向。我基於翻譯中的扭曲傾向制定了一個是／否的檢查表。我對結果進行了量性和質性分析。分析結果顯示，翻譯者對源文本進行了極端簡化、強烈本土化和扭曲，以至於變得面目全非，而忽視了民間故事更適合成年人而不是兒童的事實。結果證明了我的假設，即民間故事容易受到民族中心主義的影響。作為一名研究者，我希望這些結果能夠引發對童話翻譯的討論，因為它們在很大程度上被低估，然而在各個方面都值得受到重視。

Folktales play an important role in moulding children’s personality. However, they have a dual audience: children and adults. Suppressed fears, subconscious desires, taboos of every kind are presented through the fairy tales of any nation. However, for didactic and pedagogical grounds, fairy/folktales are exposed to ethnocentric translation approaches in the translation process. This study posits that folktales more than any other literary genre are exposed to ethnocentric and deforming tendencies. To test my hypothesis, I chose Jack and the Beanstalk, a well-known and the most translated English fairy tale into Turkish. I chose four translated versions on the internet. To test how it was exposed to ethnocentric and deforming tendencies, I employed some deforming tendencies sketched by Berman. I prepared a yes/no checklist based on the deforming tendencies in translation. I analysed the results quantitatively and qualitatively. The analyses showed that translators simplified, violently domesticated and deformed the source text to such an extent that it became unrecognizable, ignoring the fact that folk tales are for adults rather than children. The results proved my hypothesis that folktales are exposed to ethnocentric translation approaches. I, as a researcher, hope that the results could open up and invite discussions as to the translations of fairy tales as they are undervalued and yet deserve respect in every way.