租屋負擔有多重？以臺中市為例檢視租屋協助政策效果

The Burden of Renting: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rental Assistance Policies in Taichung City.

房市不斷高漲，居住正義已演變成國際關注的社會議題，人民為滿足住宅需求，採取以租代買的模式，政府的住宅政策也從過去針對購屋為主調整成租屋優先。過往有關住宅負擔的文獻，大多往購屋負擔方向進行探討，國內較少文獻討論住宅市場中的租金負擔，遂引發探討租屋負擔能力之動機。本文運用統計分析概念計算不同所得分位家戶的租屋負擔能力，針對低所得家戶探討是否有負擔過重情形，觀察政府居住政策對租屋負擔能力之波動程度。以Gan and Hill(2009)提出之負擔風險法為分析核心，結合比率法、賸餘所得法概念探討租屋負擔能力變化。研究結果顯示，臺中市各行政區低所得家戶租屋可負擔能力普遍不足，無論市區或郊區皆存在租屋可負擔能力低之家戶，且各行政區相互間存在租屋負擔能力差異，其差異由於家戶所得提高逐漸縮小。最後將租金補貼及社會住宅加入租屋負擔能力進行模擬分析，衡量此二政策對於減輕租屋負擔的成效，發現現行機制下，租金補貼提高租屋負擔能力較多。

The ongoing increase in the housing market has made housing justice a globally recognized social issue. More people are choosing to rent rather than buy homes, leading to a shift in government housing policies from promoting homeownership to prioritizing rental housing. While previous research has mainly focused on the challenges of owning a home, there have been relatively few studies in Taiwan on the affordability of rental housing. This has motivated an interest in examining rental housing affordability. This study employs statistical analysis concepts to assess the rental affordability of households in different income quintiles, specifically focusing on identifying and addressing excessive rent burdens faced by low-income households. Additionally, the study seeks to ascertain the impact of government housing policies on fluctuations in rental housing affordability. Using the affordability risk method proposed by Gan and Hill (2009), along with the integration of ratio and residual income methods, this analysis aims to provide valuable insights into changes in rental housing affordability. The research shows that low-income households in various districts of Taichung City generally struggle with the high cost of renting. These households can be found in urban and suburban areas, and as household income increases, the differences in rental housing affordability between districts become smaller. Additionally, the study used simulation analysis to evaluate how effective rental subsidies and social housing are in reducing rent burdens. The findings indicate that, as things currently stand, rental subsidies have a greater impact on improving rental housing affordability.