自傳體敘事、主體思想與「北韓例外論」之論述基礎

Autobiographical Narrative, Juche Idea, and the Discourse Basis of Korea Exceptionalism

就「例外論」而言，既有文獻主要聚焦於探討美國、中國、印度等大國對於自身「例外性」的想像與建構，相對忽略了作為「隱士王國」的北韓也有著根深蒂固的「例外論」傳統。基於此，本文藉由國家自傳體敘事的研究架構，並以主體思想為主軸，對「北韓例外論」加以剖析。文章認為神話敘事面向的檀君神話、北韓金氏家族的敘事操控以及北韓的歷史政治教育是三種有效影響北韓向「例外」身分轉化的自傳體敘事機制；在類型上，「北韓例外論」大致可分為北韓政治制度優越論、北韓國家特性例外論，以及北韓國家地位例外論。根據本文的研究發現，未來可進一步討論「北韓例外論」對北韓外交政策的影響。

In terms of“exceptionalism”, some studies have focused on the imagination and construction of exceptionality by major powers such as the United States, China, and India, while ignoring the deep-rooted tradition of exceptionalism in North Korea as a hermit kingdom. With this in mind, this article uses an analytical framework for national autobiographical narratives and analyzes Korean exceptionalism with a focus on the Juche idea. The article argues that the mythological narrative-oriented myth of Dangun, the narrative manipulation of the North Korean Kim family, and the historical and political education of North Korea are three autobiographical narrative mechanisms that effectively influence the transformation of North Korea into an exceptional nation. In terms of the types, there are three broad categories, namely, North Korean political system exceptionalism, North Korean national identity exceptionalism, and North Korean international status exceptionalism. Based on the findings of this research, further discussion could be conducted on the impact of North Korean exceptionalism on North Korea’s foreign policy.