| 英文摘要 |
ロシア・ウクライナ戦争は、ロシア経済に深刻な影響を及ぼした。ロシア中央銀行が迅速に行った金融規制政策により経済と金融はすぐに安定し、2023年上半期まで維持されたが、長引く戦争による国内需要の増加により、ロシア経済はかつてなく過熱し、需要の抑制による過熱の緩和が必要である。しかし需要の抑制は国家安全保障上の要件にかかわり、中央銀行が制御し得る問題ではない。需要過剰の問題は、国内の経済変動要因を調整するだけで解決し得る問題ではなく、外部要因も考慮する必要がある。 本稿では、停戦或いは戦争凍結が、需要を抑制する最も迅速かつ直接的な方法であると考える。特にトランプ氏は、選挙前から「就任後24時間以内にロシア・ウクライナ問題を解決する」と述べたが、ロシアとウクライナの停戦条件には大きな隔たりがあり、短期間での合意は難しいと予想される。停戦協定が実現しない場合、ロシアが、経済制裁による輸入規制や国際的な為替・決済の問題を解決しなければ、輸入拡大は難しい。現在のロシアの金融政策の課題は、開戦当初よりもはるかに困難なものとなっている。 The Russian economy has experienced a significant impact from the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war, prompting the Russian Central Bank to implement monetary policies aimed at stabilizing the economy and financial sector. These policies, implemented in the early stages of the war, contributed to a period of stability that persisted until the first half of 2023. However, as the war has escalated, domestic demand has surged, leading to an unprecedented period of economic overheating. To address this issue, a reduction in demand is necessary to cool down the economy and mitigate the consequences of the war. But, demand reduction is contingent upon national security requirements that are beyond the scope of the Central Bank’s authority. The adjustment of domestic economic variables alone to address excess demand is not a viable solution; external factors must be taken into account concurrently. This article posits that a truce or a cessation of hostilities would be the most expeditious and direct method to curtail demand, particularly in light of Trump’s pre-election promise to resolve the war within 24 hours of his inauguration. However, the significant divergence in the conditions for a truce between the Russian and Ukrainian sides suggests that achieving this objective in a timely manner may be challenging. In the event that a truce is not reached, it is imperative for Russia to address the import restrictions imposed by economic sanctions, as well as the challenges related to international exchange and settlement, in order to expand the scale of imports. It is evident that Russia’s monetary policy has become considerably more complex compared to the initial stages of the war. |