被審議的傳統？編織作為原住民族傳統智慧創作專用權的理論與實務

The Traditions Under Review: Theories and Practice of Weaving as an Exclusive Rights of Indigenous Culture Creations

原住民族傳統智慧創作保護條例（原創條例）是保護原住民族傳統文化成果表達的特殊權利制度。為妥協主流社會對原住民族文化知識普遍陌生，與後續侵權判定及訴訟效率需求之現實，在權利取得要件上，採取了程序成本較高的登記要件主義。因而引發了削弱法律資源相對欠缺之原住民族自主登記意願，以及因登記保護程序之規訓本質，扭曲原住民族文化本真性的批評。
本文以賽德克族、太魯閣族、賽德克族山里（陶塞）部落、噶瑪蘭族、邵族之編織及相關種類智慧創作之公告內容，分析原住民族社群如何轉化異質性的保護制度為可近用之法律工具，避免了被質疑可能產生之文化規訓結果。由這些智慧創作經認定與審議的結果，也可探知原住民族社群參與原創條例的多元動機。智慧創作之財產權功能，其實並非原住民族社群對該保護制度的主要期待。本文研究案例中，重新或強化區隔他者與我群，賦與社群對傳統慣習、內部紀律與禁忌的詮釋權力，可能才是原住民族社群取得智慧創作專用權的更重要目的。而在申請書表中對編織工具、材料、圖案變化的寬容敘述，與歸屬權利範圍的自我修正，也顯示出原住民族社群對文化變遷的現代認知。一種既舊又新的原住民族文化本真性，在原創條例制度的發展中被逐漸成形。

The Protection Act for the Traditional Intellectual Creations of Indigenous Peoples is a sui generis regime intending to protect the traditional cultural expressions of indigenous peoples. To compromise with the public ignorance of indigenous culture and the efficiency for the adjudicating court to convict a breach, the Protection Act elects registry as a sine quo non for the admission of the right, which however also ignites the criticism as defeating the indigenous peoples incentive to register due to their slim legal resource, and possible impeachment of their cultural authenticity through the official review of their application.
This article uses the context of the traditional intellectual creations registered on weaving, namely of the Seediq, Truku, Tausa tribe of Seediq, Kebalan and Thao to analyze how indigenous communities, with the unfamiliar platform, to access and transform the legal apparatus to preserve authenticity and refrain from being culturally disciplined. The registered contents also reveal the multiple incentives of indigenous peoples envisage over the regime. Protection of private property is not among their significant prospects, but to delineate and reinforce the separation with others and respective authority to interpret and implement traditional customs and domestic disciplines. Flexibility of the modern narration of the tools, materials and braid pattern utilized, together with the self-restrain on the scope of entitlement shown in the registered context also demonstrate cultural change is permissible under the machinery. An aged but innovative indigenous traditional culture expression with authenticity is sanctioned through the application of The Protection Act.