旅遊契約「時間浪費」賠償之性質與適用──從臺灣高等法院104年度上易字第1115號民事判決談起

The Character and Application of Article 514-8 of the Civil Code: From No. 1115 Civil Judgement (2015) of the Taiwan High Court

我國民法於1999年增訂旅遊契約章節，以釐清法律關係，明確化旅遊營業人與遊客的權利義務。其中，民法第514條之8規定，旅客就時間之浪費得請求金錢賠償，此為旅遊契約所特有之規定。在侵權行為或債總規範之中，並未明文承認時間之浪費得作為損害賠償對象。本文以臺灣高等法院104年度上易字第1115號民事判決為引導案例，從損害性質與賠償對象出發，分析立法理由、學說、實務見解，具體化民法第514條之8所謂「時間之浪費得請求金錢賠償」的適用，以及損害賠償額計算上之問題。
旅遊契約目的在於紓解身心利益，且旅遊性質上必定伴隨旅客時間的流逝，債務不履行將會對旅客造成時間浪費之精神痛苦，而具有特殊性。民法第514條之8為「紓解身心之利益」之非財產上損害可請求慰撫金之特別規定，優先民法第227條之1適用。就賠償額之計算，現行法下以旅遊費用總額每日平均之數額為賠償金額上限，與慰撫金之功能有所衝突，應同一般慰撫金計算方式，視瑕疵程度、旅遊目的、實際上所浪費時間之長短、債務人可歸責程度及其他具體情事，斟酌決定之。

In 1999, a section on travel contracts was added to the Civil Code in order to clarify the legal relationship and the rights and obligations of tour operators and tourists. Article 514-8 of the Civil Code states that tourists can claim monetary compensation for wasted time. There is no explicit recognition of time wastage as a subject of compensation in tort or contract law. This article uses No. 1115 Civil Judgement (2015) of the Taiwan High Court as a guiding case to analyze the legislative reasons, doctrines and practical opinions from the perspective of the nature of damage and the object of compensation, and to specify the problems encountered in the application and calculation of Article 514-8 of the Civil Code.
The purpose of a travel contract is to relieve the physical and mental interests of the tourist, and the nature of travel is such that it must be accompanied by the passage of the tourist's time, and the non-fulfilment of the contract will cause mental anguish to the tourist in terms of time wasted, which is special. This article is a special provision for claiming compensation for non-pecuniary damages for“relief of physical and mental interests”, which takes precedence over Article 227-1 of the Civil Code. As regards the calculation of the amount of compensation, under the current law, the maximum amount of compensation is based on the average daily amount of the total cost of the journey, which is in conflict with the function of the compensation. It should be calculated in the same way as the general compensation, depending on the extent of the defect, the purpose of the travel, the actual length of time wasted, the responsibility of the obligor and other specific circumstances.