國小高年級國語教科書文本類型及文本結構分析

本研究旨在檢視國小高年級國語教科書的文本類型及文本結構，研究問題如下：（一）國小高年級國語教科書常見的文本類型為何？（二）國小高年級國語教科書常見的文本結構及其共通性為何？本研究以國小高年級國語A版本教科書四冊共計53篇課文為分析對象，運用內容分析法計算文本類型及文本結構各類型所占比率。研究結果顯示，文本類型以文學占多數，文學中記敘散文最常見，非文學中缺乏主觀評論文本；文本結構依共通性歸納為三，並區分基本及進階結構：敘事結構最多（基本是敘事、進階是另有目的者），說明結構次之（基本是主觀、進階是客觀），議論結構最少（基本是遊說）。研究建議增加非文學評論文本的讀寫機會，調整文本結構學習年段和基本及進階的比例，以結構主軸及文本結構引導國小文本讀寫教學。

This study explored the text types and text structures in Mandarin Chinese textbooks for upper elementary students. The research addressed two main questions. First, what are the common text types in Mandarin Chinese textbooks for upper elementary students? Second, what are the prevalent text structures and characteristics in these textbooks? A total of 53 texts from four volumes of version A of a Mandarin Chinese textbook for upper elementary students were analyzed. Content analysis was employed to determine the proportion of each text type and structure. The results indicated that literary texts dominated the majority of text types, with narrative prose being the most common text type among literary texts and subjective commentaries being entirely absent from nonliterary texts. Text structures were categorized into three types on the basis of shared characteristics, and distinctions were made between basic and advanced structures. Notably, narrative structures were the most prevalent, followed by explanation structures and discussion structures. Overall, this study suggests providing additional opportunities for students to read and write commentary texts in nonliterary contexts, adjusting the learning timeline for text structures, rebalancing the proportions of basic and advanced text structures, and guiding elementary school text reading and writing instruction through a main structural axis and text structure.