作為倫理行動的存在現象學還原：以心理治療中的實踐為例

Existential-Phenomenological Reduction as an Ethical Move: As Practiced in Psychotherapy

當現象學進入心理學時，顯著的是集中於心理治療領域。這似乎意謂著現象學與心理治療的某種親近關係。本文探討此一關係現象的基礎，並且探問：現象學到底帶給心理治療何種轉變？當現象學以還原方法為標記，那麼心理治療如何轉化與豐富了現象學還原的意義？在探索這兩個問題的可能答案之後，本文來到了這樣的結論：一種可稱之為存在現象學還原的方法讓它的執行者（治療師）與對應者（患者）彼此之間形成了一個「讓存在歷程顯現」的關係，從而使得後者於其中「得以現身」。於其中，「在關係中獲得存在」的原初性人與人關聯得以實現。如此，存在現象學還原展現了它的倫理行動面向，顯示了現象學的療癒之道，從而提供了現象學在心理治療領域集中的一個說明。

When phenomenology entered psychology, it mostly concentrated on the field of psychotherapy, from the earliest Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss to the Third Force in the United States which was initiated by Rollo May, as well as the recent Robert Stolorow and Duquesne school. Similar phenomena occurred in Taiwan too. Psychotherapy formed by phenomenological orientation is called ethical healing or ethical acts. This implies that phenomenology and psychotherapy have a certain close relationship. This article then inquires into the foundation of this relational phenomenon, by looking at the therapeutic implications that emerge when phenomenology is practiced in psychotherapy. It also explores, when the methods of reduction mark phenomenology as its core, how psychotherapy, whose central task is to initiate the process of experiential change based on interpersonal interaction, transforms and enriches the meaning of phenomenological reduction. After exploring the possible answers to these two questions, this article came to this conclusion: In taking the existential process of others as the aim of understanding, performing phenomenological reduction has already exceeded Husserl’s original stipulations regarding transcendental phenomenological reduction and phenomenological psychological reduction, and can be named as existential-phenomenological reduction. At the same time, existential-phenomenological reduction also forms a“letting experiential process manifest”relationship between its executor, therapist, and its counterpart, the patient. It has the latter“allow to be”within it. That is to say, existential-phenomenological reduction in psychotherapy establishes a kind of human interaction in which the primordial human-to-human relationship of“gaining existence in relationships”can be realized. In this sense, this article discloses the ethicality of existential-phenomenological reduction, thereby providing an account of the concentration of phenomenology in the field of psychotherapy and showing the healing path of phenomenology as well.