臺灣、亞洲與世界層級籃球比賽場次休息間隔安排對籃球員運動表現、疲勞及傷害之影響

The impact of rest intervals between matches on performance, fatigue and injuries in basketball tournaments at Taiwan, Asia and world levels

緒論：人體從事離心運動容易引起肌肉損傷的問題，而籃球是一項開放式運動且很多動作涉及離心運動。然而，尚無研究曾針對不同層級籃球盃賽期間的場次休息間隔時間安排，對影響運動表現、產生疲勞及增加傷害風險作系統性剖析。因此，本文擬針對上述研究問題進行探討。方法：以網路搜尋方式，從各三個不同層級籃球賽事之官方網站取得最近一屆盃賽之賽程資訊（如：2021/2023年女/男子全國社會組籃球錦標賽、2022/2023年男/女子籃球亞洲盃、2022/2023年國際籃球世界盃）後，以次級資料分析法分析所有參賽隊伍於每個賽事期間的場次休息間隔時間（小時）之結果；並搭配文獻搜尋及分析現行相關籃球研究結果，作為進一步推論現行籃球賽事場次休息間隔時間安排對籃球員運動表現、疲勞及傷害風險之可能影響。結果：1.不同層級盃賽場次休息間隔：臺灣（28.2±13.1小時）<亞洲（42.8±15.5小時）<世界（49.0±15.8小時；p < .05）；2.三個不同層級賽事男子組的場次間安排休息時間都大於（p < .05）女子組；3.男子組與女子組在各自不同層級盃賽場次休息間隔時間：臺灣<亞洲<世界（p < .05）；4.籃球文獻顯示，單場籃球比賽會引起明顯損傷且會持續至少2天；5.密集籃球比賽會增加發生傷害風險、影響運動表現。結論：這些結果顯示，不同層級賽事在場次間休息間隔安排似乎無考慮到球員疲勞恢復、傷害風險及影響運動表現的問題。因此，這些發現將可提供給籃球主辦單位，做為未來修正安排賽事之參考。

Introduction: Engaging in eccentric exercise can easily lead to significant muscle damage. Basketball, as an open-skill sport, involves many movements that require eccentric muscle actions. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has systematically investigated whether the rest intervals between matches at different levels of basketball tournaments affect sports performance, contribute to cumulative fatigue, and increase injury risk from the perspective of player protection. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the above research questions. Methods: The latest schedule information was obtained from the official websites of three levels of basketball tournaments (e.g., 2021/2023 Women’s/Men’s National Amateur Basketball Championship; 2022/2023 Men’s/Women’s Basketball Asia Cup; 2022/2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup). Secondary data analysis was used to evaluate the rest intervals (in hours) between matches for all participating teams in each tournament. Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed to infer the potential effects of short rest intervals on athletic performance, fatigue, and injury risk in these congested tournament schedules. Results: (1) Rest intervals between matches at different levels (combined for men’s and women’s): The average rest interval at the Taiwan level (28.2±13.1 hours) was significantly shorter (p < .05) than at both the Asia level (42.8±15.5 hours) and World level (49.0±15.8 hours), with the Asia level also being significantly shorter than the World level. (2) Rest intervals by gender across levels: Rest intervals for men’s matches were significantly longer (p < .05) than those for women’s matches across all three tournament levels. (3) Rest intervals within each gender by level: For both men’s and women’s tournaments, the Taiwan level rest intervals were significantly shorter (p < .05) than those at the Asia and World levels, with the Asia level also being significantly shorter than the World level. (4) Literature findings: Previous studies have shown that a single basketball match can induce muscle damage lasting at least two days, and that congested schedules, or multiple matches increase the risk of injury and negatively impact athletic performance. Conclusion: These results indicate that the scheduling of rest intervals at all tournament levels does not sufficiently consider the impact on recovery, injury risk, and sports performance. Therefore, these findings will be presented to basketball tournament organizers as a reference for developing future guidelines and regulations.