承認與執行外國判決中的確定性問題——以我國法律實踐為切入點

The Finality Problems of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments—From the Perspective of Judicial Practice in China

確定性問題作為外國法院判決承認與執行中的基本問題之一，對判決是否能在域外順利得到承認與執行起到至關重要的作用。通過對比分析我國法院審理的承認與執行外國判決的二十五起案件可知，我國多數法院在司法實踐中缺少對判決確定性問題的明確審查，在裁判結果中未體現雙邊條約中關於確定性問題的法律依據。其原因主要在於我國缺少對判決確定性問題的明確規定，且在已締結的雙邊條約中對於確定性要件的表述也不盡相同，因此人民法院在司法實踐中往往未涉及對判決確定性問題的審查。完善承認與執行外國法院判決中確定性問題的制度規範，應從明確確定性要件判斷標準、縮小立法與實踐差距以及增加指導性案例等方面著手開展。

As one of the fundamental issues in the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, the issue of certainty plays a crucial role in whether the judgment can be successfully recognized and enforced thereof. A comparative analysis of twenty-six cases of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in China shows that most of the courts in China lack a clear examination of the issue of certainty of judgments in their trial practice, and the legal basis of the issue of certainty in bilateral treaties is not reflected in the decision results. The reason for this is that China lacks clear regulations on the issue of certainty of judgments, and the expressions of the elements of certainty in the concluded bilateral treaties are not the same, so the courts often do not involve in the review of the issue of certainty of judgments in their trial practice. To improve the institutional regulation of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments on the issue of certainty, we should proceed from clarifying the criteria for judging the elements of certainty, narrowing the gap between legislation and practice, and increasing the number of guiding cases.