臺灣汽車超額責任保險需求決定因子之分析

The Determinants of Automobile Excess Liability Insurance Demand in Taiwan

本文探究投保任意第三人責任保險的被保險人，加保超額責任保險的可能影響因素。研究結果顯示，風險愈高者，愈有可能加保超額責任保險，此現象隱含超額責任保險可能存在逆選擇問題，購買超額責任險的被保險人亦有較高的理賠率與理賠金額，此結果意味著事前道德危險可能存在。其次，加買超額責任保險者，其任意第三人責任保險保額較低，說明超額責任保險為任意第三人責任保險的替代品，而非互補品，此結果存在保險費率訂價不公平問題。其三，車商通路相較其他通路有較低的超額責任保險投保率，顯示車商業務員沒有動機向被保險人鼓勵投保超額責任保險。再者，車價與超額責任保險的購買存在正向顯著關係，此現象可能隱含所得較高者有較高的超額責任保險投保需求。最後，年齡較長的被保險人則有較低的超額責任保險投保需求，此結果可能與年長者的自我認知風險較低有關。

This paper discusses determinants that potentially affect individuals’decisions on adding excess liability insurance in their voluntary third-party liability insurance. The findings reveal that individuals exposed to high risks are more likely to purchase excess liability insurance, which hints at the presence of adverse selection. Specifically, insured individuals who purchase excess liability insurance tend to exhibit higher claim rates and claim amounts, which may imply an ex-ante moral hazard. Furthermore, individuals who add excess liability insurance often have a lower voluntary third-party liability insurance coverage amount than do those without excess liability insurance, indicating excess liability insurance as a substitute for voluntary third-party liability insurance instead of serving a complementary function. This phenomenon reflects the unfair pricing of insurance rates. Moreover, compared with other insurance sales channels, customers of automobiles dealers less often purchase excess liability insurance, indicating that such dealers lack the motives to promote excess liability insurance. Furthermore, automobile pricing is significantly positively correlated with the purchase of excess liability insurance, suggesting that high-income individuals exhibit higher needs for excess liability insurance. Finally, insured older adults demonstrate lower needs for excess liability insurance, possibly due to a decrease in self-perceived risk among this age group.