自內部行政調查角度探究國軍法紀調查得提升之方向──以警察風紀調查制度為借鏡

Exploring Approaches to Enhance Military Discipline Investigations from an Internal Administrative Perspective—Drawing Insights from the Police Disciplinary Investigation System

內部行政調查係行政機關為確保正常運作及達到行政監督等目的，針對機關內部人員所為之特種調查，其態樣可包含業務檢查、人事查核及風紀調查等。然而內部行政調查之對象為機關內部之公務員或軍警，且係以紀律罰為導向之管理措施，在法律保留上之要求較低，僅散見於各機關所訂之行政規則，致不同機關間所得採取之調查方法以及相關程序事項上差異甚大，而有探討之必要。
其中法紀調查乃係國防部為建立客觀公正之調查機制，還原事件真相與釐清涉案人員之責任歸屬，而將軍人涉及刑事責任之過犯行為自一般違紀行為調查中獨立出來，改由具軍法官資格人員主責調查。然而，隨著社會發展，不法行為日趨複雜化，現行「國軍法紀調查作業應行注意事項」仍採取任意性調查為主之調查方法，對於上開行政目的之達成恐有窒礙難行之處。本文擬藉由警察風紀調查制度之比較，探討法紀調查與後續刑事偵查間之程序轉換上應注意之事項，以及在調查制度上得提升之方向。

Internal administrative investigations conducted by administrative agencies serve the purpose of ensuring smooth operations and administrative supervision. These investigations may include business inspect ions, personnel audits, and disciplinary inquiries. However, internal administrative investigations primarily target public servants or military personnel within the organization and are focused on disciplinary measures, with relatively low legal requirements. The methods and procedures for conducting such investigations vary greatly among different agencies, making it necessary to explore and discuss these differences.
One specific type of investigation is the legal and disciplinary inquiry, which is established by the Ministry of National Defense to establish an objective and fair investigative mechanism, uncover the truth behind incidents, and attribute responsibility to individuals involved. This separates military personnel's criminal offenses from general disciplinary investigations and assigns the responsibility for the investigation to qualified military judges. However, with the increasing complexity of unlawful activities in society, the current“Guidelines for Conducting Military Legal and Disciplinary Investigations”mainly rely on discretionary investigation methods. This may hinder the achievement of the aforementioned administrative objectives. Therefore, this article aims to compare the police disciplinary investigation system and explore the necessary considerations in the transition process between legal and disciplinary investigations and subsequent criminal investigations. It also suggests directions for improving the investigation system.