克服斜坡──從日治時期「三大官營林場」的運材系統看臺灣林業文化資產潛能

Overcoming Slopes─Exploring the Potential of Taiwan’s Forestry Cultural Heritage Through the Timber Transportation Systems of the Three Major Government Operated Forest Farm During Japanese Rule

臺灣山林運材設施多樣，各有特色，卻也因此增加了研究上的難度。本文以「三大官營林場」為例，旨在探討日治時期臺灣運材系統的原型，嘗試推導出運材系統之發展脈絡，以呈現臺灣林業文化資產的優勢與潛能。
首先，本文整理過往文獻中的運材設施名稱，以便認識臺灣當時存在著兩種類型之運材系統。接著，以影響臺灣的木曾谷、青森為例，分析臺日兩地運材技術交流的脈絡。最後，通過借鑑日本運材系統相關之文化資產經驗，指出臺灣林業文化資產的優勢，是保有相對完整的山林相關文獻、多元名詞及「蹦蹦車」的存在；研究建議上，應重視臺日間的技術脈絡，並將關注重點擴展至長期構建山林地區生活文化的各種人群，而非僅限於林場。
阿里山運材系統作為日本帝國現代化的先驅，很可能對日本林業發展產生影響。臺灣獨特的運材系統，因臺灣的山林產業都需克服斜坡的挑戰，瞭解臺灣運材系統可對理解山林各產業之運輸文化，具有極大幫助。

Taiwan’s mountain timber transportation facilities are diverse, consequently posing challenges in communication and research. This paper examines the origins of Taiwan’s timber transportation systems during Japanese rule through the“Three Major Government Operated Forest Farms (三大官營林場, Alishan, Basianshan, and Taipingshan).”It aims to understand the prototypes of these systems and infer their development trajectories, showcasing the strengths and potential of Taiwan’s forestry cultural heritage.
Firstly, the paper organizes past literature on transportation facility names to comprehend Taiwan’s systems and identify the two types of transportation. Using Kiso Valley (木曾谷) and Aomori (青森) as examples, it analyzes the technical lineage between Taiwan and Japan.
Finally, by drawing on Japan’s forestry cultural heritage, the paper identifies Taiwan’s strengths, including concentrated forest-related documents, diverse terminologies, and the Bogie-trucks (蹦蹦車). It also suggests improvements such as addressing the overlooked technical lineage between Japan and Taiwan and focusing on local cultural contributions. Alishan’s system, a pioneer in Japan’s modernization, likely influenced Japanese forestry. Taiwan’s unique systems, essential for mountain transportation, are invaluable for understanding mountain transportation culture.