旋律與節奏的內在處理歷程差異：以工作記憶涉入差異為例

Working Memory Effects on the Processing of Musical Melodies and Rhythms: A Dual-task Interference Study

音樂分為旋律及節奏兩個要素，但在音樂認知的領域，較少探討旋律及節奏工作記憶負荷差異，本研究透過雙重任務作業的方法，探討旋律及節奏占用之語音工作記憶資源的大小是否不同。參與者被要求執行一個旋律記憶作業或是節奏記憶作業作為主要作業，同時間必須要記得八個隨機產生的語音數字作為次要作業。結果顯示，當次要作業與旋律測驗搭配時，其正確率低於當其與節奏測驗搭配時的正確率，即旋律測驗所需之語音工作記憶，大於節奏測驗所需之語音工作記憶。旋律及節奏所需之語音工作記憶資源的大小不同，顯示旋律及節奏內在處理的不同。本論文的發現幫助我們釐清成人旋律及節奏的內在處理歷程異同。

This study used the dual-task paradigm to explore the relationships between melody, rhythm, and verbal processing. Our rationale was that we would see greater interference between two tasks involving the same internal mechanism than between two tasks involving distinct mechanisms. We used a melody memory task or a rhythm memory task as the primary task and a verbal memory task as the secondary task. The performance of the secondary verbal task was poorer when paired with a melody primary task than when paired with a rhythm primary task. This result suggests a that greater overlap occurs between melody and verbal processing than between rhythm and verbal processing. The study findings can shed light on our understanding of the disassociated internal processing resources of melody and rhythm.