運用團體創建因素於團體教育：臺灣學術資料庫的系統性文獻回顧與後設分析

Applying factors of creating a group to group education: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis using Taiwan academic databases

本研究聚焦探討團體創建因素於實務場域應用之概況及其對團體成效的影響，針對2001至2020年間54篇量化研究進行系統性文獻回顧與後設分析，以回答三個研究問題：團體創建因素的應用概況、團體是否有效，以及創建因素對成效的影響為何。研究結果顯示：一、研究主題多樣、以自我相關議題為最多；團體結構以8~12人、每週進行1次、總次數5~8次、總時數16小時為最多；理論取徑偏向認知、行動或目標導向，成員以成人居多、多數為性別混合團體；帶領者多為教師、輔導員或研究生；二、整體立即及持續效果量均達中度效果量且具統計顯著；三、成員性別、年齡及介入主題，與整體立即效果量呈顯著關係；理論取徑、成員特徵、介入主題及團體總時間，與整體持續效果量呈顯著關係。本研究根據研究發現提出未來研究與課程教學之建議。

This study conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 54 quantitative group studies published between 2001 and 2020, exploring three key questions: What is the overview of the application of group-creating factors in practical settings? How do these factors relate to group effectiveness? Do group-creating factors such as theoretical approaches, group structure, members and leaders contribute to achieving change effects? The findings reveal that research topics are diverse, with self-related issues being the most common. Groups typically consist of 8-12 members, meet once a week, for a total of 5-8 sessions and 16 hours, with cognitive, action-oriented, or goal-oriented approaches preferred. Most members are adults, over half are normal and healthy individuals, and the majority are mixed-gender groups, led by school teachers, counselors, or graduate students. Both immediate and sustained effect sizes are statistically significant and moderate, indicating positive impacts on the mental health and behavior of group members. Furthermore, member sex, age, and group topics significantly correlate with immediate effect size, while theoretical orientation, member age, group topics, and total hours significantly correlate with sustained effect size. These findings provide valuable insights for group design and practice, offering recommendations for future research and group education.