「參考系統」、「參考框架」與「基準」基本意涵探討

On the Reference System, Reference Frame, and Datum

「參考系統」是任何與空間位置相關議題的基本需求，「基準」是所有測量與製圖工作的依據。依據國際學術的習慣名詞意涵，「參考框架」是「參考系統」的實踐。「參考框架」與「基準」，或「參考系統」與「基準」，其間有何異同？本文嘗試由文獻的整理，探討以上三個名詞的內涵與應用，並由此，討論現代化進程中「參考系統」、「參考框架」、「基準」的思維演變。
雖然在國際學術界中採用的「（參考）系統」意涵是十分明確的，但是在以國土測繪法為代表的國內學術名詞裡，「參考系統」一詞卻有著相反的內涵，本文亦謹此釐清。名詞的使用，有著傳統與文化的背景，若能規範清楚，沒有誤會，就只是選擇，沒有對錯。本文目的僅在說明，不在於糾結是非。

The ''reference system'' is a fundamental requirement for any issue related to spatial positioning, and the ''datum'' serves as the basis for all measurement and cartography work. According to the customary terminology in international academia, the ''reference frame'' is the realization of the ''reference system.'' What are the similarities and differences between ''reference frame'' and ''datum,'' or between ''reference system'' and ''datum''? This paper attempts to explore the meanings and applications of these three terms through a review of the literature and, from there, discuss the evolution of thought regarding ''reference systems,'' ''reference frames,'' and ''datums'' in the process of modernization.
Although the meaning of ''system'' adopted in the international academic community is quite clear, in domestic academic terminology, as represented by the National Land Surveying and Mapping Act, the term ''reference system'' carries an opposite connotation. This paper aims to clarify this distinction as well. The use of terminology is rooted in tradition and culture. If the definitions are clear, there are no misunderstandings, and thus no right or wrong. The purpose of this paper is merely to explain the background meaning, not to debate what is right or wrong.