家庭管理於護理照護之發展與實務應用

Development and Application of Family Management in Nursing Care

「家庭管理（family management）」由美國開始發展至今三十餘年，已運用在多國和多元疾病族群的照護議題上。近期國內欲發展家庭專科護理師角色，對此概念之深入探索，更顯重要。本文將簡述家庭管理型態的源起與發展狀況，省思其在護理實務與研究上的契機與潛力，並深入剖析「家庭管理型態架構（family management style framework）」，有助於護理師理解個案家庭面對疾病時的因應與調整，關注可能的影響因素並領會家庭整體的動態樣貌，而非只了解家庭成員個別的覺知。另將論述「家庭管理量表（family management measure）」的使用和家庭管理分類學的辨識，以作為家庭評估的利器及發展合適的護理措施。最後提出對家庭管理之思辯與建議，促使有效運用於臨床實務與研究。

The concept of family management has gained increasing acceptance in the United States for over two decades and is today applied in care worldwide. However, this concept is still largely novel to clinical professionals in Taiwan. This article was written to present the history and current application of family management to promote greater recognition of the related opportunities and potentials in the nursing field. Understanding the family management style framework helps nursing professionals better grasp the dynamic situation in families while dealing with the primary health issues of patients. Awareness of adjustability and regulation of the family allows nursing professionals to understand and provide care to the entire family unit rather than to individual family members. Adapting family management measures and identifying the typology of family management may also be an efficient approach to conducting family evaluations and developing appropriate interventions. We reflect on these issues and offer suggestions on family management to inspire nursing professionals to pursue related research and clinical practicums to improve family nursing capabilities in the nursing field.