戰後公共衛生發展的婦女參與：以臺北市婦女會與臺北基督教女青年會為中心的討論

Women’s Participation in the Post War Development of Public Health: The Taipei Women’s Association and the Taipei Young Women’s Christian Associat ion

過去的公共衛生討論主要聚焦於疾病預防和國家控制，然而，若將公共衛生界定為社會集體行動以促進大眾健康，則彰顯出成功的公共衛生體系需仰賴社會動員和行動。婦女團體如何以婦女力量參與和推動公共衛生行動成為本文研究的重心。本文旨在探討戰後初期至1970年代，作為非政府機關又非醫療專業的婦女團體，參與公共衛生行動的模式及動態實況。以臺北市婦女會和臺北基督教女青年會為例，究明兩者在公共衛生的理念和目標，及其如何透過舉辦多元活動和執行計畫，推廣公共衛生範疇下的環境衛生和衛生教育，同時結合婦女工作和公共衛生行動，實現社會力量參與公共衛生的目的。從婦女組織的角度評估公共衛生的影響與意義，同時反思民間參與建構公共衛生網絡的可行性和面臨的挑戰。

Past accounts of public health have largely focused on disease prevention and state control. Although the establishment of a public health system requires the cooperation of the whole of society, in practice, the public health system focuses on the power of government agencies and medical institutions, neglecting voluntary public participation. Through the lens of women and gender, this article explores how two different types of women’s organizations—the local Taipei Women’s Association and the international Taipei Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA)—promoted public health campaigns in post-war Taiwan. These non-governmental entities outside of the medical profession, made up of female public health workers, had actively been advancing such campaigns before the government even formulated a complete health policy. With their campaign ideals, they promoted environmental health and health education within the public health domain through diverse activities and the implementation of programs. They also integrated women’s work and these campaigns to achieve the objective of social participation in public health. By examining these historical examples, we can, in one aspect, consider women’s roles and work in public health and, in another, reflect on the feasibility or limitations of civil society in constructing public health networks.