照護作為一種抵抗：霍普金森《午夜盜賊》中的黑色幻設與旁若人文主義

Care as a Resistance: The Black Speculative and Parahumanism in Nalo Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber

「人」的議題始終是現代性的難題，本文援用黑人女性主義、後殖民論述、後人類研究等針對常態人文主義的批判立場，介入西方白（男）人理性主義定義下的「人」，探討黑人科幻女作家霍普金森在《午夜盜賊》中如何以幻設來解殖西方傳統中對「人」的階序性編碼及排他意識。生長在高科技星球「杜桑」的糖糖原本是養尊處優的市長女兒，命運作弄下被父親帶離故鄉，前往名為「半途樹」的流放地星球，這顆星球收容被放逐的罪犯，也佈滿各式各樣的怪異生物與奇艷植物。流放到異鄉的父親鎮日借酒消愁，甚至性侵未成年的女兒。不幸的糖糖失手殺死父親，弒父後遁入魔幻森林，與其他同樣瀕臨危脆生命情境的非人物種弱弱相扶。以照護作為一種抵抗為軸線，本文將引用後殖民生態批評家艾莉娃特的兩個重要批判概念——「沼澤崇美」與「旁若人文主義」，來討論小說中莫戎式的逃逸路線是如何橫向開展出另一種具有後人類及生態意識的「旁若」身體觀或倫理性的人文主義。

The concept of“the human”has long been modernity’s vexing issue. This essay employs black feminism, postcolonial theory, and posthumanism to critically engage with normative liberal humanism, intervening in the hegemonic definition of“the human”shaped by Western heteropatriarchal rationalism. Focusing on Black female sci-fi writer Nalo Hopkinson’s Midnight Robber, the essay investigates how she utilizes the speculative method to decolonize hierarchical codings implicit in the Western construct of Man/Human. Hopkinson’s protagonist, Tan-Tan, born and raised in affluence on the technologically advanced planet“Toussaint,”undergoes a profound transformation as she is compelled to escape with her father to the planet“New Halfway Tree.”The new world is inhabited by exiled criminals and indigenous populations. Tragically subjected to violence at the hands of her drunken father, Tan-Tan defends herself by taking his life, leading her to seek refuge in enchanted woods. Here, she develops an extraordinary interspecies bond with non-human creatures in a similar state of precarity. Drawing on Monique Allewaert’s concepts of the“swamp sublime”and“parahumanism,”this essay explores Tan-Tan’s maroon-like escape and examines how her trajectory extends horizontally into a posthumanist realm characterized by“parahumanism”and imbued with interspecies solidary, care, and mutual respect. In unraveling the narrative intricacies of Midnight Robber, the essay contributes to broader discussions on resistance, decolonization, speculative fiction, and the reimagining of humanity beyond the confines of Western and human-centric perspectives.