後疫情時代下的新娛樂：台日虛擬實況主之虛實界線研究

The New Entertainment in Post-pandemic Era: A Research of Real and Virtual of VTubers of Taiwan and Japan

本文基於疫情期間所產生之新型態實況，並經作者觀察過後，對於虛擬實況主—VTuber的部份面向提出之研究發想。先從虛擬實況主的出現與定性出發，說明在法律上的人格，其實包含一個數位人格——即網路上以身份證字號構成在網路上為法律行為的人，而後才是在透過與真實人格的連結分出三種類型之虛擬人格。且從虛擬人格的法律保護假設，表明這種保護在不同領域均有優點與必要性外，比較法發現日本在其法制上，有日本學者提出VTuber類似於公司面紗的狀態，對於VTuber的攻擊可以穿透到本人，故不一定需要保護虛擬人格權。惟我國目前仍無相關法律，故無論是承認虛擬人格、在訴訟上保護、或以類似著作權集體管理方式保障，均係可行的方向。本文並且從台灣發生的日籍VTuber的案件為首，實際訪談台灣的VTuber，了解到其實會因為訴訟耗時或揭露身分等因素而不願意尋求法律解決，且大部份VTuber主要問題其實發生在與企業間的經紀合約等，可作為未來研究之方向。

This article is based on the new patterns of live streaming that emerged during the pandemic and, through the author’s observations, proposes research ideas focusing on certain aspects of Virtual YouTubers (VTubers). The article begins by discussing the emergence and characterization of VTubers, explaining that legal personality encompasses a digital personality—an identity constructed through national ID numbers to conduct legal actions online. It then distinguishes three types of virtual personalities based on their connection to real personalities. By hypothesizing the legal protection of virtual personalities, the article demonstrates the advantages of such protection across different fields. A comparison reveals that while Japanese scholars suggest that VTubers resemble the concept of corporate veils, allowing for the possibility of piercing the veil to reach the individual, such protection of virtual personality rights may not be necessary in Japan. However, Taiwan currently lacks relevant legal provisions. Therefore, recognizing virtual personalities, protecting them in litigation, or safeguarding them through a system akin to collective copyright management are all viable approaches. This article also examines a case involving a Japanese VTuber in Taiwan, supplemented by interviews with Taiwanese VTubers. The findings reveal that many VTubers are reluctant to seek legal remedies due to the lengthy litigation process or the reveal of personal information. Furthermore, most VTuber-related issues stem from agency agreements with companies, which could serve as a direction for future research.