艾辛朵夫《出自廢物生活》的加速世界與無「所」適從

The Accelerated World and the Disorientation in Eichendorff’s Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts

對歐洲而言，十九世紀──或說「長十九世紀」（das lange 19. Jahrhundert）──是醞釀己久的大加速時代開始具體有感的時候。無論產能與產量、還是訊息傳遞的效率，都呈現出不可同日而語的爆炸式增長。在這個背景下，不只用來計算時空的單位出現大尺度的更新，人類的感官與感受世界的方式，也會因為生活起居改變，而受到偌大的影響。於是，大加速世界幾乎無可避免地，在文學作品中烙下痕跡。對於幾乎失控的加速世界，德意志作家艾辛朵夫（Joseph von Eichendorff, 1788-1857）勢必感觸良多。傳統的循環時間不再是平穩的保證，但是在加速的作用之下，線性時間軸又將何去何從？這兩種時間觀的衝突便是艾辛朵夫的小說《出自廢物生活》（Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts）的開端，也是小說主角一連串「過程」的起點。本文將試圖從小說的開頭與衝突的起點談起，接著聚焦小說中，對於時間與空間轉移的描寫，同時關注各種造成轉移的「意外」契機。期望能藉此分析，闡述一種加速之下的生命情境，以及一種人文關懷。

For Europe, the nineteenth century—or the“long nineteenth century”(das lange 19. Jahrhundert)—was the time when the long-awaited era of the Great Acceleration began to feel concrete. In this context, not only will the units used to calculate time and space be updated on a large scale, but also human senses and the way of feeling the world will be greatly affected by changes in daily life. As a result, the accelerated world is almost inevitably imprinted in literature. The German writer Joseph von Eichendorff (1788-1857) must have felt a lot about the accelerating world that was almost out of control. The traditional cyclical time is no longer a guarantee of stability, but under the Great Acceleration, where will the linear time axis go? The conflict between these two views of time is the beginning of Eichendorf’s novel From the Life of a Good-for-nothing (Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts), and the starting point of a series of“processes”for the protagonist of the novel. This article will focus on the description of the time and space transfer in the novel, and also pay attention to the various“accidental”opportunities that cause the transfer.