代收包裹與電信詐欺故意之判斷方法--以日本最高裁判所的三件判決為例

Methods for Determining Collect Parcels and Telecommunications Fraud with the Intent: A Case Study on Three Judgments of the Supreme Court of Japan

接受委託冒用他人名義收受包裹後轉交他人之異常行為，顯係委託者參與某種犯罪擔心查緝而轉嫁風險。收受者也大致認識自己參與某種犯罪行為，但是因為無法確知包裹內容究係毒品等違禁物、騙取之現金抑或電信詐欺集團需用之金融交易工具，此時如何認定收受者參與特定犯罪構成要件之故意即為爭議的問題。對此，本文參考此時日本實務見解與學說，藉由比較法的考察尋求可能的妥適判斷方法。

The unusual behavior of accepting a commission and false impersonation to receive and forward delivery relates to crimes and shifting responsibilities. The recipient is also aware of the participation in a criminal offense, Nevertheless, it is unlikely for the recipient to ensure the delivery containing contraband, such as drugs, cash obtained by fraud, or financial transaction tools used by telecommunications fraud syndicates. The issue is to determine the recipient's intention to participate in a specific crime. As such, this article integrates the Japanese practice and theory, examines the comparative laws and identifies the potential judgment.