錯位與縫補：宜蘭五十二甲濕地的財產權困境與保育實踐

Mismatch and Mending: Property Rights Dilemmas and Conservation Practices in Wetlands in Yilan's Wetland of 52-jia

本文旨在探討濕地具備什麼條件，從而引起環境保育與土地開發之間的衝突，以及保育者如何面對理想與現實的落差，進一步提出相應的保育策略？本文援用政治生態學和法律地理學來搭建分析基礎。首先主張濕地乃是一個「社會－自然複合體」，既是生態環境與多物種得以持存的自然空間，亦為社會多方行動者不斷拋出論述的競技場域。接著，將五十二甲爭議脈絡概念化，提出「錯位」與「縫補」兩項概念，前者乃是保育法規與財產權伸張的斷裂；後者則為在地保育者的日常實作與組織動員。本文採質性研究之次級文獻分析，搭配參與觀察、半結構與非結構式的訪談，建構五十二甲的田野現場。本文發現，透過法規加以保護的自然，看似提供一套強有力的標準，卻因此深化了不同群體之間的差異，引發理想與現實之「錯位」可能。對此，仰仗特定行動者的「縫補」，在私有地主接近九成的濕地環境中尋覓保育困境的解方。

This paper aims to explore the conditions under which wetlands provoke conflicts between environmental conservation and land development, as well as how conservationists confront the gap between ideals and realities, and subsequently propose appropriate conservation strategies. This study adopts political ecology and legal geography as its analytical foundation. It posits that wetlands are“socio-natural complexes,”representing not only natural spaces that sustain diverse ecosystems and species but also contested arenas where multiple social actors continuously advance their discourses. The paper then conceptualizes the context of the 52-jia wetland dispute by introducing two key concepts:“mismatch”and“mending.”The former refers to the rift between conservation laws and the assertion of property rights, while the latter describes the daily practices and mobilizations by local conservationists. This paper employs a qualitative research approach, combining secondary literature analysis with participant observation and semi-structured and unstructured interviews to build a field account of 52-jia. This study finds that legally protected nature, though seemingly supported by a robust framework, often intensifies differences between groups, leading to a potential“mismatch”between ideals and realities. To address this, it relies on the“mending”efforts of certain actors to seek solutions that mitigate conservation challenges within a wetland environment where nearly 90 percent of the land is privately owned.