2024年國際衛生條例(2005)修正要點評析

Assessment of the 2024 Amendments to the International Health Regulations (2005)

基於過往COVID-19疫情防治經驗，國際間深感現有的「國際衛生條例(2005)」(IHR (2005))已不足以因應將來的大流行疫情，因此在2022年決定根據IHR (2005)運作審查委員會的建議進行修正，於2022至2024年間召開工作小組會議討論後，於2024年第77屆世界衛生大會確認通過，將於2025年正式生效施行。
這次修正的主要重點包括(1)定義「大流行緊急事件(pandemic emergency)」，以促進更有效的國際合作來因應即將成為或已經成為大流行的事件；(2)規定在權衡健康危害事件之公共衛生風險程度下，即使該事件的起源國不願意合作，WHO仍應與其他締約國分享訊息，同時鼓勵締約國接受WHO對於跨國合作的提議；(3)承諾基於公平與團結之原則，加強衛生產品(health products)之可近性並提供資金，以解決發展中國家的需求及優先事項，促使其發展、加強及維持核心能力，以及其他為預防、整備及因應大流行緊急事件的相關能力；(4)成立實施IHR(2005)締約國委員會，促進締約國之間的合作，以確保更有效的執行IHR (2005)；(5)要求各國設置IHR (2005)國家監管機關，增進各國內部及國家之間執行IHR (2005)的協調能力。我國應依據上述修正，再檢視及強化國內相關法規與應變機制。

The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that the existing International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR (2005)) were insufficient to address future pandemics. Consequently, in 2022, a decision was made to revise the regulations based on the recommendations of the IHR (2005) Review Committee. The Working Group on Amendments to the IHR (2005) convened meetings to discuss draft amendments from 2022 to 2024, which were adopted at the 77th World Health Assembly in June 2024 and will take effect in 2025.
The primary amendments include: (1) defining a ''pandemic emergency'' to facilitate more effective international cooperation in response to events that are likely to become or have become a pandemic; (2) mandating the sharing of information on a public health event with other Member States by WHO, even if the country of origin is unwilling, and encouraging Member States to accept WHO's proposals for transnational cooperation; (3) committing to increased accessibility of health products and the provision of their funding based on the principles of equity and solidarity, in order to equitably address the needs and priorities of developing countries, including the development, enhancement, and maintenance of their core capacities and other capacities related to pandemic emergency prevention, preparedness, and response; (4) establishing the States Parties Committee for the Implementation of the IHR (2005) to promote cooperation among states to ensure more effective implementation of the IHR (2005); (5) creating National IHR Authorities to improve the coordination of the IHR (2005) implementation within and between countries. Taiwan shall review and strengthen relevant laws, regulations, and response mechanisms in accordance with the aforementioned amendments.