古本與寫本：近代有關《左傳》編纂議題的學術考察與反思

Original Texts versus Manuscripts: A Review of, and Reflection upon, Studies of the Zuozhuan’s Compilation from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Modern Age

《左傳》敘事富贍，其性質與編纂議題，歷來討論不衰。從清末至今，更因學風遞變、考古發掘、西潮東進等因素，讓此議除了兼具經學、史學意義外，更觸及「信古」或「疑古」之辯證，乃至如何面對出土文獻與寫本研究等新材料、新觀念的思索。
本文回顧近代《左傳》編纂議題。首先梳理清代學者對春秋經傳「古本」的追求與延伸出的「文本型態」復古；以此為基礎，重省劉逢祿提出《左氏》「舊文」之學術史特色。次則述評古史辨學派以降「史料考證」學風，呈現《左傳》學面臨經史轉軌，乃至其史料價值受到重視，與西方漢學的專業化時機接軌的歷程。最後，提出《左傳》現存寫本與出土文獻進行兩項個案分析，期能對當今《左傳》與古代歷史編纂之議，提供反思與討論。

This article analyzes studies on the compilation of the Zuozhuan左傳from the late Qing dynasty until modern times. By reviewing the theories of Qing scholars, scrutinizing their perspectives on the“original texts”(古本) and issues related to the compilation of the Zuozhuan, this article endeavors to draw comparisons with Western scholarship and aspires to provide reflections on early Chinese historical writing and compilation.
The article first delves into Qing scholars’pursuit of the Zuozhuan’s“original text,”which evolved into an unconventional trend that emphasized the“layout of the original text.”Second, building upon Qing exegetes’comprehension of the textual structure of the Zuozhuan, the article re-evaluates Liu Fenglu’s劉逢祿theory on Zuoshi chunqiu左氏春秋, pointing out that while it aligns with Qing scholars’perceptions of the visual organization of the text, it is distinguished by its interpretation of the Zuozhuan’s nature.
The article then discusses the discourse on the Zuozhuan advanced by the Debating Antiquity School (Gushibian xuepai古史辨學派) and contemporary scholars. These two groups’focus on the“source of materials”and the“process of compilation”signifies a transformation in the understanding of the Zuozhuan, marked by a transition from a classical perspective to a historical one and, eventually, from historiography to material studies.
Finally, the article analyzes two case studies on the existing manuscript of the Zuozhuan and the excavated historical text. These case studies aim to provoke reflection and discourse on our contemporary approach to the nature of the Zuozhuan and the compilation of ancient historical writings.