西夏語──漢語「□□／㳂房」論考

A Philological Study on Tangut-Chinese Terms“□□／㳂房”

本文從西夏文獻《番漢合時掌中珠》的漢語詞條「送與㳂房」，以及相對應的西夏語詞「□□□□」出發，討論漢語「㳂房」與西夏語「□□」的意義。前人曾解讀這兩個語詞為「帳房」、「沉房」、「沅房」、「圓房」、「浴房」、「洞房」等意，本文從學史回顧與原典討論，推翻以上諸說，判斷漢語之「房」除了目前學界認定指稱「嫁妝」外，其原意應該還有無分性別，泛指「房中用品」之用法。而「□□」在現存西夏文獻中雖含有近似漢語「嫁妝」的意涵，但在西夏字肇造時，或許不盡然專指「嫁妝」，從西夏造字以及親緣語言的比對，推測「□」可能與「準備的物品／贈物」有關，不一定是女性專用。不僅修正了既有成說，更提供了觀察西夏語文及歷史的新角度與切入點。

This paper discusses the meaning of the Chinese㳂房yan-fang and its corresponding Tangut term□□from the phrase“送與㳂房／□□□□”found in the Tangut-Chinese bilingual glossary Timely Pearl in the Palm (1190). Previous interpretations of these two terms include meanings such as‘accounting room,’‘Chen room,’‘wedding chamber,’‘bathroom,’and‘bridal chamber.’This paper reviews the previous scholarship, discusses the original texts, and refutes the aforementioned interpretations. It is determined that the Chinese term“㳂房”not only refers to‘dowry’(as currently recognized by the academic community) but also originally had a gender-neutral usage, generally indicating‘household supplies.’Although“□□”in the Tangut documents can perhaps connote something similar to Chinese‘dowry,’it might not have meant exactly‘dowry’originally. By comparing the Tangut texts with related languages, it is speculated that“□”might be glossed as‘something to be prepared; gifts’and not necessarily used exclusively in reference to women. This paper not only corrects the existing consensus but also provides a new perspective on Tangut language and history.